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Hartnoll, R.G. (1975). The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania. J. Zool. London 177, 305-328
5890
Hartnoll, R. G.
1975
The Grapsidae and Ocypodidae (Decapoda: Brachyura) of Tanzania
J. Zool. London
177: 305-328
Publication
Twenty-nine species of the Grapsidae and 15 species of the Ocypodidae were collected from the littoral zone in the area around Dar es Salaam. Nine species of grapsidae and three of Ocypodidae were new records for the East African area, bringing the total of recorded species for the region to 35 and 26 respectively. The distribution of these crabs indicates a very limited endemism in the western Indian Ocean, with the majority of species forming an attenuated extension of the abundant Indo/West Pacific brachyuran fauna. The habitat preference of each species is described. Within each subfamily there is a relative uniformity in general habitat preference, mode of life and manner of feeding. The species of each subfamily are then separated by substrate choice and preferred level on the shore. The greatest numbers of species occur in the most diverse habitats - the creek mangrove, the coastal mangrove and the reef flat.
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Geograpsus Stimpson, 1858 (basis of record)
Grapsus Lamarck, 1801 (additional source)
Nanosesarma Tweedie, 1951 (basis of record)
Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887) (basis of record)
Ocypode Weber, 1795 (additional source)
Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (additional source)
Percnon Gistel, 1848 (additional source)
Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804) (basis of record)
Plagusia Latreille, 1804 (additional source)
Plagusia immaculata Lamarck, 1818 (basis of record)
Uca Leach, 1814 (additional source)
Madagascar for Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887) 
Madagascar for Plagusia immaculata Lamarck, 1818 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Nanosesarma minutum (De Man, 1887) 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804) 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Plagusia immaculata Lamarck, 1818 
 Description
 for Grapsus longitarsus Dana, 1851

Though the type locality is Somalia, it only occurs in this country in the Western Indian Ocean; rest of the ... [details]
 Description
 for Grapsus maculatus H. Milne Edwards, 1853

Tropical Indo-Pacific in Kalk (1958) [details]
 Description
 for Grapsus strigosus (Herbst, 1799)

Tropical Indo-Pacific, also distributed in Australia in Kalk (1958) [details]
 Description
 for Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775)

Tropical Indo-Pacific, also distributed in Australia in Kalk (1958). [details]
 Description
 for Percnon planissimum (Herbst, 1804)

Tropical Indo-Pacific in Kalk (1958) [details]
 Habitat
 for Geograpsus stormi De Man, 1895

Rocky shores. Also found in mangroves. Stands on rocky substrate. [details]
 Habitat
 for Grapsus fourmanoiri Crosnier, 1965

On mangrove trees bordering rocky cliffs. [details]
 Habitat
 for Grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783)

Rocky shores. Also found in mangroves. Stands on rocky substrate. [details]
 Habitat
 for Ilyograpsus paludicola (Rathbun, 1909)

Burrows in some mangrove creeks in permanently wet mud. [details]
 Habitat
 for Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) grandidierii A. Milne-Edwards, 1867

Mangrove fringes, muddy shores & open beaches. [details]
 Habitat
 for Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) milloti Crosnier, 1965

Muddy shores. [details]
 Habitat
 for Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) parvimanus Guérin, 1832

Mangrove fringes, muddy shores & open beaches. [details]
 Habitat
 for Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) depressus Rüppell, 1830

Burrows in mangrove vegetation and in cleared areas. [details]
 Habitat
 for Metopograpsus thukuhar (Owen, 1839)

On mangrove trees. [details]
 Habitat
 for Ocypode cordimana Latreille, 1818

Sandy beaches. [details]
 Habitat
 for Uca (Gelasimus) tetragonon (Herbst, 1790)

Mangrove fringes, muddy shores & open beaches. [details]
 Habitat
 for Uca gaimardi (H. Milne Edwards, 1852)

Burrows in beaches with mangrove vegetation. [details]
 Remark
 for Chiromanthes Gistel, 1848

Also used as subgenus of Sesarma (Vannini, pers. Comm.) [details]
 Remark
 for Geograpsus Stimpson, 1858

Subfamily Grapsinae [details]
 Remark
 for Grapsus Lamarck, 1801

Subfamily Grapsinae [details]
 Remark
 for Grapsus maculatus H. Milne Edwards, 1853

Authority given as (Catesby) in Barnard (1950) and Kalk (1958). [details]
 Remark
 for Helice De Haan, 1833

Subfamily Sesarminae [details]
 Remark
 for Macrophthalmus verreauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1848

Species needs further revision (Pers. Comm. of Serene to Hartnoll (1975)) [details]
 Remark
 for Metopograpsus H. Milne Edwards, 1853

Subfamily Grapsinae <88> [details]
 Remark
 for Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775)

A number of (eastern Indian Ocean?) records for this species were based on incorrectly identified material due to ... [details]
 Remark
 for Nanosesarma Tweedie, 1951

Subfamily Sesarminae [details]
 Remark
 for Ocypode cordimana Latreille, 1818

O. cordimana in <96>, <154>, ,<221> 479. Looks like a name in apposition, so should be cordimanus, as in Hartnoll 1975. [details]
 Remark
 for Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840

Subfamily Grapsinae [details]
 Remark
 for Parasesarma De Man, 1895

Validity of the genus questionable (Vaninni, pers, comm.) [details]
 Remark
 for Percnon Gistel, 1848

Subfamily Plagusinae [details]
 Remark
 for Plagusia Latreille, 1804

Subfamily Plagusinae [details]
 Remark
 for Ptychognathus Stimpson, 1858

Subfamily Varuninae [details]
 Remark
 for Sarmatium crassum Dana, 1851

Also sub-genus Sesarma in Dahdouh, 1994<247>. [details]
 Remark
 for Thalassograpsus Tweedie, 1950

Subfamily Varuninae [details]
 Remark
 for Varuna H. Milne Edwards in Bory de Saint Vincent, 1830

Subfamily Varuninae [details]
 Spelling
 for Grapsus longitarsus Dana, 1851

G. longitarsis in <153>. Type locality: Somalia Italiana [details]
 Spelling
 for Helice leachi Hess, 1865

Spelled H. leachii in Taylor 1971; H. leachii in . [details]
 Spelling
 for Holometopus eulimene (De Man in Weber, 1897)

Spelled H. eulimine by several authors; correct spelling pers. Comm. Vannini [details]
 Spelling
 for Ocypode kuhli De Haan, 1835

Spelled O. Kuhlii in Barnard (1950). [details]
 synonymy
 for Chiromanthes guttatum (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869)

Vannini, pers. comm. [details]
 synonymy
 for Holometopus eulimene (De Man in Weber, 1897)

Vannini, pers comm [details]
 synonymy
 for Holometopus ortmanni (Crosnier, 1965)

Vannini, pers comm [details]
 synonymy
 for Macrophthalmus verreauxi H. Milne Edwards, 1848

Not everyone seems to agree on this. [details]
 synonymy
 for Parasesarma leptosomum (Hilgendorf, 1896)

Vannini, pers comm. [details]
 synonymy
 for Parasesarma plicatum (Latreille, 1803)

Vannini, pers comm. [details]
 synonymy
 for Sesarma bidens (De Haan, 1835)

Vannini, Pers. Comm.; used to Chiromantes guttatum in Hartnoll (1975). [details]
 synonymy
 for Sesarma erythrodactylum africanum Ortmann, 1894

Vannini, pers. Comm; used to be Holometopus in Hartnol (1975) [details]
 Synonymy
 for Sesarmops Serène & Soh, 1970

Possibly synonymous with Sesarma (Vannini, pers. Comm.) [details]
 synonymy
 for Sesarmops impressum (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

Could also be the other way round: Vannini, pers comm [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Uca gaimardi (H. Milne Edwards, 1852)

Listed as separate, valid species by Crosnier, 1965. [details]