WoRMS taxon details
Bunodactis Verrill, 1899
- Subgenus Bunodactis (Epiactis)
- Subgenus Bunodactis (Parabunodactis)
- Species Bunodactis (Parabunodactis) inflexibilis Carlgren, 1928 accepted as Parabunodactis inflexibilis (Carlgren, 1928) (original binomen)
- Subgenus Bunodactis (Parantheopsis)
- Species Bunodactis (Parantheopsis) vanhoeffeni Pax, 1922 accepted as Parantheopsis vanhoeffeni (Pax, 1922)
- Species Bunodactis (Parantheopsis) vanhöffeni Pax, 1922 accepted as Parantheopsis vanhoeffeni (Pax, 1922)
- Species Bunodactis altifossa (Lager, 1911)
- Species Bunodactis aucklandica Carlgren, 1927
- Species Bunodactis bunodiformis (Hertwig, 1882)
- Species Bunodactis chrysobathys Parry, 1951
- Species Bunodactis conica (Mc Murrich, 1904)
- Species Bunodactis curacaoensis Pax, 1924
- Species Bunodactis elongata (Mc Murrich, 1904)
- Species Bunodactis glandulosa (Otto, 1823)
- Species Bunodactis hermafroditica Carlgren, 1959
- Species Bunodactis inornata (Stimpson, 1856)
- Species Bunodactis maculosa Carlgren, 1954
- Species Bunodactis mortenseni (Carlgren, 1924)
- Species Bunodactis nikobarica Carlgren, 1928
- Species Bunodactis octoradiata (Carlgren, 1899)
- Species Bunodactis patagoniensis (Carlgren, 1899)
- Species Bunodactis reynaudi (Milne Edwards, 1857)
- Species Bunodactis rubripunctata (Grube, 1840)
- Species Bunodactis rubrofusca Carlgren, 1924
- Species Bunodactis spetsbergensis (Kwietniewski, 1898)
- Species Bunodactis verrucosa (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Bunodactis alfordi Gosse accepted as Anthopleura ballii (Cocks, 1851)
- Species Bunodactis balli (Cocks, 1851) accepted as Anthopleura ballii (Cocks, 1851)
- Species Bunodactis ballii (Cocks, 1851) accepted as Anthopleura ballii (Cocks, 1851)
- Species Bunodactis biscayensis (Fischer, 1874) accepted as Bunodosoma biscayense (Fischer, 1874) accepted as Anthopleura biscayensis (Fischer, 1874)
- Species Bunodactis capitata (Verrill, 1864) accepted as Aulactinia capitata Agassiz in Verril, 1864
- Species Bunodactis carlgreni (Clubb, 1902) accepted as Aulactinia sulcata (Clubb, 1902)
- Species Bunodactis cruentata (Couthouy in Dana, 1846) accepted as Parantheopsis cruentata (Couthouy in Dana, 1846)
- Species Bunodactis curaçaoensis Pax, 1924 accepted as Bunodactis curacaoensis Pax, 1924
- Species Bunodactis duregnei (Fischer, 1889) accepted as Bunodactis rubripunctata (Grube, 1840)
- Species Bunodactis elegantissima (Brandt, 1835) accepted as Anthopleura elegantissima (Brandt, 1835)
- Species Bunodactis fallax Pax, 1922 accepted as Bunodosoma fallax (Pax, 1922) (original binomen)
- Species Bunodactis gemmacea Ellis & Solander accepted as Aulactinia verrucosa (Pennant, 1777) accepted as Bunodactis verrucosa (Pennant, 1777)
- Species Bunodactis gigas Pax, 1926 accepted as Bunodactis reynaudi (Milne Edwards, 1857)
- Species Bunodactis hermaphroditica Carlgren, 1959 accepted as Bunodactis hermafroditica Carlgren, 1959
- Species Bunodactis inconspicua (Hutton, 1879) accepted as Anthopleura inconspicua (Hutton, 1879)
- Species Bunodactis inflexibilis Carlgren, 1928 accepted as Parabunodactis inflexibilis (Carlgren, 1928)
- Species Bunodactis japonica (Verrill, 1869) accepted as Epiactis japonica (Verrill, 1869)
- Species Bunodactis listeri (Johnson, 1861) accepted as Anthopleura ballii (Cocks, 1851)
- Species Bunodactis manni Verrill, 1899 accepted as Cladactella manni (Verrill, 1899) (original binomen)
- Species Bunodactis marplatensis Zamponi, 1977 accepted as Aulactinia marplatensis (Zamponi, 1977) (original binomen)
- Species Bunodactis mexicana Carlgren, 1951 accepted as Anthopleura dowii Verrill, 1869
- Species Bunodactis michaelseni Pax, 1920 accepted as Anthopleura michaelseni (Pax, 1920) (original binomen)
- Species Bunodactis minima (Stuckey & Walton, 1910) accepted as Anthopleura minima (Stuckey & Walton, 1910)
- Species Bunodactis nicobarica accepted as Bunodactis nikobarica Carlgren, 1928
- Species Bunodactis nigrescens (Verrill, 1928) accepted as Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill, 1928)
- Species Bunodactis novazealandica (Stephenson, 1918) accepted as Epiactis neozealandica Stephenson, 1918
- Species Bunodactis ocellata (Lesson, 1830) accepted as Parantheopsis ocellata (Lesson, 1830)
- Species Bunodactis papillosa (Verrill, 1869) accepted as Phymactis papillosa (Lesson, 1830)
- Species Bunodactis pluvia (Drayton in Dana, 1846) accepted as Phymanthea pluvia (Drayton in Dana, 1846)
- Species Bunodactis rigidus (Andres, 1880) accepted as Bunodactis rubripunctata (Grube, 1840)
- Species Bunodactis rosea (Stuckey & Walton, 1910) accepted as Anthopleura rosea (Stuckey & Walton, 1910)
- Species Bunodactis rubro-fusca accepted as Bunodactis rubrofusca Carlgren, 1924
- Species Bunodactis rupripunctata accepted as Bunodactis rubripunctata (Grube, 1840)
- Species Bunodactis sabelloides (Andres, 1881) accepted as Bunodactis rubripunctata (Grube, 1840)
- Species Bunodactis steinitze Pax, 1925 accepted as Bunodactis rubripunctata (Grube, 1840)
- Species Bunodactis stella (Verrill, 1864) accepted as Aulactinia stella (Verrill, 1864)
- Species Bunodactis stelloides (McMurrich, 1889) accepted as Isoaulactinia stelloides (McMurrich, 1889)
- Species Bunodactis stimpsoni (Verrill, 1868) accepted as Anthopleura stimpsonii Verrill, 1869
- Species Bunodactis sulcata (Clubb, 1902) accepted as Aulactinia sulcata (Clubb, 1902)
- Species Bunodactis taxaensis accepted as Anthopleura texaensis (Carlgren & Hedgepeth, 1952)
- Species Bunodactis texaensis Carlgren & Hedgepeth, 1952 accepted as Anthopleura texaensis (Carlgren & Hedgepeth, 1952)
- Species Bunodactis thallia (Gosse, 1854) accepted as Anthopleura thallia (Gosse, 1854)
- Species Bunodactis vanhoeffeni Pax, 1922 accepted as Parantheopsis vanhoeffeni (Pax, 1922) (original binomen)
- Species Bunodactis varidi (Carlgren, 1900) accepted as Anthopleura waridi (Carlgren, 1900)
- Species Bunodactis verruculata (Lager, 1911) accepted as Aulactinia veratra (Drayton in Dana, 1846)
- Species Bunodactis waridi (Carlgren, 1900) accepted as Anthopleura waridi (Carlgren, 1900)
- Species Bunodactis xanthogrammica (Brandt, 1835) accepted as Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt, 1835)
- Species Bunodactis eydouxii (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Species Bunodactis rigida (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Species Bunodactis spitzbergensis (uncertain > nomen dubium)
marine, terrestrial
Verrill, A. E. (1899). Descriptions of imperfectly known and new actinians, with critical notes on other species. American Journal of Science, 7: 41-50, 143-146, 205-218, 375-380 [details]
Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2024). World List of Actiniaria. Bunodactis Verrill, 1899. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100699 on 2024-06-20
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original description
Verrill, A. E. (1899). Descriptions of imperfectly known and new actinians, with critical notes on other species. American Journal of Science, 7: 41-50, 143-146, 205-218, 375-380 [details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds). (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp. [details]
additional source Doumenc D. & Foubert A. (1984). Microinformatique et taxonomie des actinies: Cle mondiale des genres. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, 60, 1, 43-86.
page(s): 56, 65, 67, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83 [details]
additional source Fishelson, L. (1970). Littoral fauna of the Red Sea: the population of non-scleractinian anthozoans of shallow waters of the Red Sea. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 6 (2): 106-116.
page(s): 107 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O.; Hedgepeth, J. W. A. (1952). Actinaria, Zoantharia, and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science. 2, 141-172.
page(s): 156 [details]
additional source Li, Y., & Liu, R. (2012). Aulactinia sinensis, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Yellow Sea. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3476, 62-68.
page(s): 62, 63 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar.</em> 1: 1–121.
page(s): 64-66 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706
page(s): 694 [details]
additional source Menon, K. R. (1927). Subclass Zoantharia (except Scleractiniae). Bulletin of Madras Government Museum (Natural History Section), 1(1): 31-40
page(s): 36, Plate VI Fig. 5, Fig. 6 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission, 20, 2, 323-374
page(s): 347 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1945). Further contributions to the knowledge of the cnidom in the Anthozoa especially in the Actiniaria. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 56, N.F., (9): 1-24
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Kostina, E. E. (1988). Biogeographical characteristics of sea anemones of the Pacific boreal region. Biologiya Morya, 1988(3): 14-21
page(s): 18 [details]
additional source McCommas, S. A. (1991). Relationships within the family Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) based on molecular characters. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 509-512
page(s): 510-512 [details]
additional source McCommas, S. A. (1983). A taxonomic approach to evaluation of the charge state model using twelve species of sea anemone. Genetics, 103, 741-752
page(s): 743, 745, 747, 749 [details]
additional source Kussakin, O. G.; Kostina, E. E. (1996). The intertidal biota of volcanic Yankich Island (Middle Kuril Islands). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 37(3-6): 201-225
page(s): 208, 220 [details]
additional source Rodríguez, E.; Daly, M. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships among deep-sea and chemosynthetic sea anemones: Actinoscyphyiidae and Actinostolidae (Actiniaria: Mesomyaria). Public Library of Science One, 5, 6, 1-8
page(s): 4, 5 [details]
additional source Delphy, J. (1939). Présence sur la côte Française de la Manche de l'actinie Bolocera Tuediæ (Johnston)? - et quelques remarques sur d'autres anthozoaires. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 11, 2, (2): 267-270
page(s): 267, 268 [details]
additional source Sanamyan, N. P.; Sanamyan, K. E. (2006). The genera Urticina and Cribrinopsis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the north-western Pacific. Journal of Natural History, 40(7-8): 359-393
page(s): 389, 391 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Zelenchuk, T.; Raveendran, D. (2007). Genera of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia), and their type species. Zootaxa, 1668, 183-244
page(s): 193-194 [details]
additional source Corrêa, D. D. (1964). Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de São Paulo (Dissertation). São Paulo., pp. 139.
page(s): 71 [details]
source of synonymy Dunn, D. F.; Chia, F. S.; Levine, R. (1980). Nomenclature of Aulactinia (= Bunodactis), with description of Aulactinia incubans n. sp. (Coelenterata: Actiniaria), an internally brooding sea anemone from Puget Sound. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58(11): 2071-2080
note: Per this paper, Bunodactis Verrill, 1899 and Aulactinia Verrill, 1864 are pro parte synonyms ; later, all former Bunodactis species transferred to Aulactinia (Fautin, 2016) based on published diagnosi...
[details]
basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source MacNae, W. & M. Kalk (eds). (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand Univ. Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp. [details]
additional source Doumenc D. & Foubert A. (1984). Microinformatique et taxonomie des actinies: Cle mondiale des genres. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, 60, 1, 43-86.
page(s): 56, 65, 67, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83 [details]
additional source Fishelson, L. (1970). Littoral fauna of the Red Sea: the population of non-scleractinian anthozoans of shallow waters of the Red Sea. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 6 (2): 106-116.
page(s): 107 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O.; Hedgepeth, J. W. A. (1952). Actinaria, Zoantharia, and Ceriantharia from shallow water in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science. 2, 141-172.
page(s): 156 [details]
additional source Li, Y., & Liu, R. (2012). Aulactinia sinensis, a new species of sea anemone (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Yellow Sea. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3476, 62-68.
page(s): 62, 63 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. <em>Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar.</em> 1: 1–121.
page(s): 64-66 [details]
additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
![PDF available PDF available](https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia/images/pdf_lock.png)
additional source Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706
page(s): 694 [details]
additional source Menon, K. R. (1927). Subclass Zoantharia (except Scleractiniae). Bulletin of Madras Government Museum (Natural History Section), 1(1): 31-40
page(s): 36, Plate VI Fig. 5, Fig. 6 [details]
additional source Duerden, J. E. (1902). Report on the actinians of Porto Rico [Investigations of the aquatic resources and fisheries of Porto Rico by the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1899]. Bulletin of the U.S. Fisheries Commission, 20, 2, 323-374
page(s): 347 [details]
additional source Carlgren, O. (1945). Further contributions to the knowledge of the cnidom in the Anthozoa especially in the Actiniaria. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar, 56, N.F., (9): 1-24
page(s): 22 [details]
additional source Kostina, E. E. (1988). Biogeographical characteristics of sea anemones of the Pacific boreal region. Biologiya Morya, 1988(3): 14-21
page(s): 18 [details]
additional source McCommas, S. A. (1991). Relationships within the family Actiniidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) based on molecular characters. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 509-512
page(s): 510-512 [details]
additional source McCommas, S. A. (1983). A taxonomic approach to evaluation of the charge state model using twelve species of sea anemone. Genetics, 103, 741-752
page(s): 743, 745, 747, 749 [details]
additional source Kussakin, O. G.; Kostina, E. E. (1996). The intertidal biota of volcanic Yankich Island (Middle Kuril Islands). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 37(3-6): 201-225
page(s): 208, 220 [details]
additional source Rodríguez, E.; Daly, M. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships among deep-sea and chemosynthetic sea anemones: Actinoscyphyiidae and Actinostolidae (Actiniaria: Mesomyaria). Public Library of Science One, 5, 6, 1-8
page(s): 4, 5 [details]
additional source Delphy, J. (1939). Présence sur la côte Française de la Manche de l'actinie Bolocera Tuediæ (Johnston)? - et quelques remarques sur d'autres anthozoaires. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 11, 2, (2): 267-270
page(s): 267, 268 [details]
additional source Sanamyan, N. P.; Sanamyan, K. E. (2006). The genera Urticina and Cribrinopsis (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the north-western Pacific. Journal of Natural History, 40(7-8): 359-393
page(s): 389, 391 [details]
additional source Fautin, D. G.; Zelenchuk, T.; Raveendran, D. (2007). Genera of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Hexacorallia), and their type species. Zootaxa, 1668, 183-244
page(s): 193-194 [details]
additional source Corrêa, D. D. (1964). Corallimorpharia e Actiniaria do Atlantico Oeste Tropical. Universidade de São Paulo (Dissertation). São Paulo., pp. 139.
page(s): 71 [details]
source of synonymy Dunn, D. F.; Chia, F. S.; Levine, R. (1980). Nomenclature of Aulactinia (= Bunodactis), with description of Aulactinia incubans n. sp. (Coelenterata: Actiniaria), an internally brooding sea anemone from Puget Sound. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58(11): 2071-2080
note: Per this paper, Bunodactis Verrill, 1899 and Aulactinia Verrill, 1864 are pro parte synonyms ; later, all former Bunodactis species transferred to Aulactinia (Fautin, 2016) based on published diagnosi...
Per this paper, Bunodactis Verrill, 1899 and Aulactinia Verrill, 1864 are pro parte synonyms ; later, all former Bunodactis species transferred to Aulactinia (Fautin, 2016) based on published diagnosis rather than examination of type material.
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From editor or global species database
Classification Former Bunodactis species transferred to Aulactinia based on published diagnosis rather than examination of type material (Fautin, 2016). Species-by-species studies are necessary. [details]