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Lambert, G. (2009). Adventures of a sea squirt sleuth: unraveling the identity of Didemnum vexillum, a global ascidian invader. Aquatic Invasions. 4(1): 5-28.
177131
10.3391/ai.2009.4.1.2 [view]
Lambert, G.
2009
Adventures of a sea squirt sleuth: unraveling the identity of Didemnum vexillum, a global ascidian invader
Aquatic Invasions
4(1): 5-28
Publication
The magnitude of the worldwide invasions of Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 has taken a number of years to be comprehended. During the past 15 years, it has been identified as different species depending on its location - D. carnulentum on the U.S. west coast, D. lutarium or D. vestum in New England, D. lahillei or D. helgolandicum in France and the Netherlands, D. vexillum in New Zealand, D. pardum or D. moseleyi in Japan. A number of recent publications refer to it as Didemnum sp. or Didemnum sp. A. This paper presents a chronology of the steps in the development of our awareness and understanding of this species based on comparative morphology and genetics, and lists invaded regions and the approximate minimum length of time it has been known in each area. Evidence is presented that D. vexillum may have originated in Japan. The importation of vast quantities of Japanese oysters and spat into many countries prior to the 1960s is discussed but eliminated as a likely vector because there
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2014-05-19 13:30:39Z
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2015-08-05 07:50:01Z
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Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 (taxonomy source)
Dutch part of the North Sea for Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002  (origin: alien)
Irish part of the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel for Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002  (origin: alien)
New Zealand for Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002  (origin: alien)
New Zealand part of the South Pacific Ocean for Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002  (origin: alien)
United Kingdom part of the English Channel for Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002  (origin: alien)
United States part of the North Atlantic Ocean for Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002  (origin: alien)
 Introduced species impact

in Dutch part of the North Sea : Loss of aquaculture/commercial/recreational harvest or gain [details]

 Introduced species vector dispersal

in Dutch part of the North Sea : Fisheries: accidental with deliberate translocations of fish or shellfish [details]

 Introduced species vector dispersal

in Dutch part of the North Sea : Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]

 Introduced species vector dispersal

in New Zealand part of the South Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) : Fisheries: accidental with fishery products, ... [details]

 Introduced species vector dispersal

New Zealand part of the South Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) : Ships: accidental with ballast water, sea water ... [details]

 Introduced species vector dispersal

United States part of the North Atlantic Ocean (Marine Region): Recreational equipment: accidental with ... [details]