Property:Definition
From MarineSpecies Introduced Traits Wiki
This is a property of type Text. It links to pages that use the form MstConcept.
E
Parasitic within the tissues or organs of its host (see Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998). +
A plant living within another plant (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) +
internal structure that supports the body of an organism +
Broad descriptors of the major environmental regions +
Position relative to substratum or fluid medium (air/water). +
Young, free-swimming medusa stage typically developing from attached scyphistoma or occasionally direct from a planula. Umbrella typically composed of eight, bifurcated arms (Stachowitsch, 1992). +
Living on the surface of the seabed. +
The photic zone, includes the open ocean influenced by light. The lower boundary is dependent on the depth of light penetration and is generally regarded extend to ca 200 m in depth. +
An organism that moves over the surface of sediment or lives at the sediment / water interface. +
Species that have been subject to an eradication event and have been confirmed as eradicated. +
Species that have been subject to an eradication event but have not been confirmed as eradicated. +
Species that have become established in their introduced range. +
Species that have become established in their introduced range and are known to be increasing in abundance and expanding their range. +
Species that have become established in their introduced range but are not known to be spreading aggressively. +
Downstream part of a river where it widens to enter the sea; often with significant freshwater influence and predominantly comprising sediment habitats. +
1) The region between the highest and lowest extent of the tide on the shore. 2) The shore zone between the lowest and highest seasonal water level in a lake (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) +
Pharynx can be everted to engulf and/or seize food items +
A rigid external structure that supports and/or protects the body of an organism and that is mainly completely secreted by the epidermis (derived from Lawrence 2005). +
1) Coasts which face the prevailing wind but which have a degree of shelter because of extensive shallow areas offshore, offshore obstructions, or a restricted (less than 90°) window to open water. These sites are not generally exposed to large waves or regular swell. 2) Open coasts facing away from prevailing winds but with a long fetch, and where strong winds are frequent. +
Common in OSPAR Regions II, III, IV +
Egg/sperm meet and fertilize externally to parental individuals, tissues or confines of their bodies, but within the fluid medium +
A built-structure inhabited by an organism and essential to its survival, but not part of its body, composed of hardened (either rigid or flexible) secretions, with or without the addition of embedded particles, with those particles either selectively collected from the environment or passively becoming glued during formation (pers. comm. Read, G.). +
A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. +
A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalized population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycle and life form. +
Species that were present but have been declared extinct. +
Open coastlines which face into the prevailing wind and receive both wind-driven waves and oceanic swell without any offshore obstructions such as islands or shallows for several thousand kilometres and where deep water is close to the shore (50 m depth contour within about 300 m). +
Fully enclosed coasts with a fetch of no more than about 3 km. +
F
The FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics and Information Branch (FIAS) collates world capture and aquaculture production statistics at either the species, genus, family or higher taxonomic levels in 2 346 statistical categories (2019 data release) referred to as species items.
ASFIS list of species includes 12 771 species items selected according to their interest or relation to fisheries and aquaculture. For each species item stored in a record, codes (ISSCAAP group, taxonomic and 3-alpha) and taxonomic information (scientific name, author(s), family, and higher taxonomic classification) are provided. An English name is available for most of the records, and about one third of them have also a French and Spanish name. Information is also provided about the availability of fishery production statistics on the species item in the FAO databases. +
Dense aggregation of animals that visually dominate the seabed or shore such as brittlestars (e.g. ''Ophiothrix fragilis'' ) or mussels (e.g. ''Mytilus edulis''). +
Descriptors of types of unusual or unique types of substratum or habitat +
Traits related to how an organism feeds, the food type and feeding method exhibited by a species +
Description of the apparatus (mechanism) used to collect/capture food +
A description of how the oganism gathers food, and from where +
Description of the location of fertilization, whereby in animals/macroalgae a gametes are fertilized or in plants pollination occurs. +
Specialist e.g. sea squirts +
Particle size 0.063 - 0.5 mm (Hiscock, 1996) +
This is where an invasive species is used as a bait resulting in its introduction into a new area/region. +
Where in the process of stocking a fishery an associated invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region. +
Where an invasive species is unintentionally introduced into a new area/region as a result of the movement of fishery related products or materials (ie: not the direct movement of fisheries stock). +
Where an invasive species is intentionally introduced into a new area/region for the purpose of stocking/replenishing/establishing a fishery industry based on the invasive species. +
A form of asexual multiplication involving division of the body into two or more parts each or all of which can grow into new individuals (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993). +
Shaped like a fan, fanlike (Brusca, 1980). +
Flattened ellipsoid (Olenina ''et al.'', 2006) +
An indication of how far an organism can bend/flex without breaking or suffering damage -
High (>45°) / Low (10 – 45°) / None (<10°) +
A species which exhibits fluctuating densities (either undefined in the literature or otherwise not mentioned in the abundance terms/parameters described here). +
An organism able to propel itself though the air e.g. using wings, such as winged insects, birds +
Seabirds +
Stealing food from other birds in flight +
Description of the source of the organisms nurishment, i.e. what it feeds on +
Seabirds/Wader +
Seabirds/Wader +
A dense stand of large plants in which the upper branches (trees) or laminae (macroalgae) overlap to form a canopy that shades the under story of flora and fauna. +
An organism that forms a large area of close individuals forming a canopy (e.g. trees, large kelps). +
1) Length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the middle caudal rays. This measurement is used instead of standard length for fishes on which it is difficult to ascertain the end of the vertebral column, and instead of total length in fish with stiff, forked tail, e.g., tuna. Mostly used in fishery biology and not in systematics. (FishBase)
2) Fork length (FL) refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the end of the middle caudal fin rays and is used in fishes in which it is difficult to tell where the vertebral column ends. (Wikipedia)
3) Fork length (FL) can be specified as:<ul><li>Maximum length: Size (in cm) of the largest male/unsexed or female specimen ever caught. (FishBase)<li>Common length: Size (in cm) at which male/unsexed or female specimen(s) are commonly caught or marketed. (FishBase)</ul> +
Free living - little modification +
Eggs spawned into water column +
<0.5 psu +
Shaped like a funnel +
G
Descriptors of the relative size of gametes +
The mean period of time between reproduction by parent generation and the reproduction of the first filial generation (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998); recorded in years. +
Where the species degrades native genetic resources (by hybridizing with native fauna/flora). +
Specialist - e.g. planktivorous fish such as basking shark +
Where the respiratory organs also power and/or provide a feeding apparatus (muco-cilliary feeding) +
An organism that is able to glide through the air (e.g. using some form of membrane) but cannot propel itself through the air (e.g. flying fish) +
Specialist larval form in some freshwater bivalves, characterized by a bivalve shell, with or with a pair of hooks, and a long adhesive thread or tentacle. It lives as a temporary parasite on the gills or fins of fish. In some species a modified glochidium is termed a 'lasidium' before attachment and a 'haustorium' after attachment (Stachowitsch, 1992). +
Free-swimming four armed (lobed) ciliated larva of Platyhelminthes (see Ruppert & Barnes, 1994). +
Having separate sexes/genders (Barnes ''et al.'', 1993). +
fibrous protein in the mesoglea of sea fans (gorgonians) which forms the stiff skeleton of the colony. +
Appendages bear grasping claws (chelae) - e.g. arthropods, crabs, scorpions +
Vertebrate hands, feat, paws etc designed to grasp food items using claws, talons etc. +
1) Particle size 4 -16 mm. 2) Clean stone or shell gravel including dead maerl (Hiscock, 1996) 3) >80% gravel (Long, 2006). +
Mud with 5-30% gravel (see Long, 2006) +
Sand (50-90%) with gravel (>5%) and mud (see Long, 2006) +
Sand with 5-30% gravel (see Long 2006) +
Feeding on herbage, algae or phytoplankton by consuming the whole plant or the surface growth (Lincoln ''et al.'', 1998) +
Generally mobile consumers of sessile prey (e.g. plants, hydroids) cropping exposed tissues usually without killing the whole individual or colony. +
Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the surface of macroalgal fronds and blades (Hiscock ''et al.'', 1999). +
Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from inorganic particles e.g. sand grains (MarLIN; Hiscock ''et al.'', 1999). +
Animals that rasp benthic algae (or sessile animals, such as bryozoan crusts) from the substratum (MarLIN; Hiscock ''et al.'', 1999). +
Living in groups or communities, growing in clusters (Thompson, 1995) - where the organisms actively seek out members of the same species as adult or larvae/juveniles for protection from the environment, predators or for breeding +
Common in OSPAR Regions II, III +
seabirds? +
Deterministic growth or indeterminate growth resulting in single unitary individuals or modular (colonial) organisms. +
(expressed as µm, mm, cm per day/month/year) +
