Hydrozoa source details

Schuchert, P. (2007). The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie. 114: 195-396.
130045
Schuchert, P.
2007
The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 2
Revue suisse de Zoologie
114: 195-396
Publication
This study reviews all European species belonging to the filiferan families Bougainvilliidae, Cytaeididae, Rathkeidae, and Pandeidae. Updated diagnoses for the families and genera are provided and taxonomic problems solved or at least outlined. Lizzia blondina is removed from the Bougainvilliidae and transferred to the Rathkeidae based on results from 16S sequence data. Dysmorphosa minuta Mayer, 1900 is regarded as a synonym of Lizzia blondina; morphological and molecular evidence is provided. Cytaeis minima Trinci, 1903, formerly included in the Hydractiniidae, is transferred to a new genus Podocorynoides and included in the Rathkeidae as Podocorynoides minima (Trinci, 1903). Perigonimus nanellus Stechow, 1919 belongs to the genus Dicoryne and is likely a synonym of Dicoryne conybearei (Allman, 1864). Perigonimus nudus Stechow, 1919 is recognized as a new synonym of Eirene viridula (Péron & Lesueur, 1810). The Mediterranean records of Rhizorhagium michaeli and R. arenosum are most likely based on misidentifications of Pachycordyle pusilla (Motz-Kossowska, 1905). Annatiara lempersi Bleeker & van der Spoel, 1988 is a synonym of Annatiara affinis (Hartlaub, 1914).
Eastern Atlantic
Systematics, Taxonomy
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Schuchert, Peter

Amphinema Haeckel, 1879 (redescription)
Amphinema biscayana (Browne, 1907) (redescription)
Amphinema bouilloni Schuchert, 2007 (original description)
Amphinema dinema (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (redescription)
Amphinema krampi Russell, 1956 (redescription)
Amphinema rubrum (Kramp, 1957) (redescription)
Amphinema rugosum (Mayer, 1900) (redescription)
Amphinema turrida (Mayer, 1900) (redescription)
Annatiara affinis (Hartlaub, 1914) (redescription)
Annatiara lempersi Bleeker & van der Spoel, 1988 accepted as Annatiara affinis (Hartlaub, 1914) (source of synonymy)
Atractylis Wright, 1858 accepted as Bougainvillia Lesson, 1830 (basis of record)
Atractylis bitentaculata Wright, 1867 (status source)
Atractylis linearis Alder, 1862 accepted as Bougainvillia britannica (Forbes, 1841) (source of synonymy)
Atractylis palliata Wright, 1861 accepted as Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (basis of record)
Atractylis repens Wright, 1858 accepted as Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (basis of record)
Bimeria Wright, 1859 (redescription)
Bimeria fragilis Stechow, 1919 accepted as Garveia grisea (Motz-Kossowska, 1905) (source of synonymy)
Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 (redescription)
Bougainvillia alderi (Hodge, 1863) accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (status source)
Bougainvillia aurantiaca Bouillon, 1980 (additional source)
Bougainvillia autumnalis Hartlaub, 1897 accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (source of synonymy)
Bougainvillia benedenii Bonnevie, 1898 accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (source of synonymy)
Bougainvillia britannica (Forbes, 1841) (redescription)
Bougainvillia flavida Hartlaub, 1897 accepted as Bougainvillia britannica (Forbes, 1841) (source of synonymy)
Bougainvillia fruticosa Allman, 1864 accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (status source)
Bougainvillia Gibbsi Mayer, 1900 accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (status source)
Bougainvillia macloviana Lesson, 1830 (redescription)
Bougainvillia muscoides (Sars, 1846) (redescription)
Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (redescription)
Bougainvillia nigritella Forbes, 1848 accepted as Bougainvillia muscoides (Sars, 1846) (status source)
Bougainvillia obscura Bonnevie, 1898 accepted as Bougainvillia muscoides (Sars, 1846) (status source)
Bougainvillia paradoxa Mereschowsky, 1879 accepted as Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849) (status source)
Bougainvillia platygaster (Haeckel, 1879) (redescription)
Bougainvillia principis (Steenstrup, 1850) (redescription)
Bougainvillia pyramidata (Forbes & Goodsir, 1853) (redescription)
Bougainvillia ramosa (Van Beneden, 1844) accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (status source)
Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849) (redescription)
Bougainvillia triestina Hartlaub, 1911 (status source)
Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850 (additional source)
Catablema Haeckel, 1879 (additional source)
Catablema vesicarium (A. Agassiz, 1862) (redescription)
Codonorchis Haeckel, 1879 (status source)
Codonorchis octaedrus Haeckel, 1879 (status source)
Cytaeididae L. Agassiz, 1862 (redescription)
Cytaeis Eschscholtz, 1829 (status source)
Cytaeis minima Trinci, 1903 accepted as Podocorynoides minima (Trinci, 1903) (new combination reference)
Cytaeis pusilla Gegenbaur, 1857 (status source)
Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschscholtz, 1829 (redescription)
Dicoryne Allman, 1859 (redescription)
Dicoryne conferta (Alder, 1856) (redescription)
Dicoryne conybearei (Allman, 1864) (redescription)
Dysmorphosa minuta Mayer, 1900 accepted as Lizzia blondina Forbes, 1848 (source of synonymy)
Eudendrium pusillum Wright, 1857 accepted as Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (source of synonymy)
Eudendrium sessile Wright, 1857 accepted as Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (basis of record)
Garveia Wright, 1859 (redescription)
Garveia arborea (Browne, 1907) (redescription)
Garveia crassa (Stechow, 1923) (additional source)
Garveia franciscana (Torrey, 1902) accepted as Calyptospadix cerulea Clarke, 1882 (redescription)
Garveia grisea (Motz-Kossowska, 1905) (redescription)
Garveia nutans Wright, 1859 (redescription)
Halitholus Hartlaub, 1914 (additional source)
Halitholus cirratus Hartlaub, 1914 (redescription)
Halitholus pauper Hartlaub, 1914 (redescription)
Hydrichthys Fewkes, 1887 (status source)
Hydrichthys cyclothonis Damas, 1934 (redescription)
Hydrichthys sarcotretis (Jungersen, 1913) (redescription)
Hydrodendrium Nutting, 1906 accepted as Hydractinia Van Beneden, 1844 (basis of record)
Hydronema Stechow, 1921 accepted as Hydractinia Van Beneden, 1844 (basis of record)
Ichthyocodium Jungersen, 1913 accepted as Hydrichthys Fewkes, 1887 (new combination reference)
Kinetocodium Kramp, 1921 (redescription)
Kinetocodium danae Kramp, 1921 (redescription)
Koellikeria L. Agassiz, 1862 accepted as Koellikerina Kramp, 1939 (source of synonymy)
Koellikerina fasciculata (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (redescription)
Leuckartiara Hartlaub, 1914 (additional source)
Leuckartiara abyssi (G.O. Sars, 1874) accepted as Neoturris abyssi (G.O. Sars, 1874) accepted as Neoturris pileata (Forsskål, 1775) (redescription)
Leuckartiara brownei Larson & Harbison, 1990 (additional source)
Leuckartiara grimaldii Ranson, 1936 (additional source)
Leuckartiara nobilis Hartlaub, 1914 (redescription)
Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (redescription)
Leuckartiara octona var. minor Ling, 1937 accepted as Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (basis of record)
Lizusa Haeckel, 1879 accepted as Bougainvillia Lesson, 1830 (source of synonymy)
Lizzella hyalina (Van Beneden, 1866) accepted as Rathkea hyalina (van Beneden, 1867) (status source)
Lizzia Forbes, 1846 (redescription)
Lizzia blondina Forbes, 1848 (redescription)
Lizzia elisabethae Haeckel, 1879 (status source)
Lizzia octostyla (Haeckel, 1879) (redescription)
Medusa pileata Forsskål, 1775 accepted as Neoturris pileata (Forsskål, 1775) (basis of record)
Merga Hartlaub, 1914 (status source)
Merga galleri Brinckmann, 1962 (redescription)
Merga reesi Russell, 1956 (redescription)
Merga tergestina (Neppi & Stiasny, 1912) (redescription)
Merga tregoubovii Picard, 1960 (redescription)
Merga violacea (Agassiz & Mayer, 1899) (redescription)
Mergintha lobiancoi Hartlaub, 1914 accepted as Merga violacea (Agassiz & Mayer, 1899) (source of synonymy)
Nemopsis Agassiz, 1849 (redescription)
Nemopsis bachei L. Agassiz, 1849 (redescription)
Nemopsis heteronema Haeckel, 1879 accepted as Bougainvillia principis (Steenstrup, 1850) (source of synonymy)
Neoturris Hartlaub, 1914 (redescription)
Neoturris breviconis (Murbach & Shearer, 1902) (redescription)
Neoturris pileata (Forsskål, 1775) (redescription)
Bay of Biscay for Bimeria biscayana Browne, 1907 
Bermuda for Bougainvillia aberrans Calder, 1993 
European waters (ERMS scope) for Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849) 
North East Atlantic for Tiaranna affinis Hartlaub, 1914 
Southern Ocean sensu lato for Merga rubra Kramp, 1957 
Villefranche Bay for Merga tregoubovii Picard, 1960 
 Biology
 for Perigonimus sulfureus Chun, 1889

This species occurs on shells of Cavolinia tridentata (Forsskål, 1775), the original identification of Chun ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Bimeria Wright, 1859

Colonies stolonal or erect, with perisarc enveloping hydranth and extending as a sheath over proximal ends of ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Bougainvillia Lesson, 1830

Hydroid colony stolonal or branched, more rarely hydranths sessile; perisarc terminating at base of hydranth or ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Bougainvillia britannica (Forbes, 1841)

Medusa jelly thick; no peduncle, basal trunk of oral tentacles long, ocelli crescentic or oval, often appearing ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850

Hydroids solitary or colonial; hydranths stolonal, branched, or rarely sessile, arising from creeping hydrorhiza; ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Dicoryne Allman, 1859

Colonial hydroids, branched or not, perisarc not ensheathing bases of tentacles; hydranth with one whorl of ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Kinetocodium Kramp, 1921

Hydroid colony stolonal, living on pelagic gastropods; polyps polymorphic with gastrozooids and dactylozooids; ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Koellikerina Kramp, 1939

Hydroids colonial, stolonal or branching, covered by perisarc infested with foreign material; filmy perisarc also ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Leuckartiara Hartlaub, 1914

Medusa mostly with an apical projection of variable size. Manubrium voluminous, connected to radial canals by ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Lizzia Forbes, 1846

Rathkeidae medusa with four or eight simple, unbranched perradial oral tentacles inserting at level of mouth rim; ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Nemopsis Agassiz, 1849

Hydroids, solitary, small, club-shaped, with pedal disk, hydrocaulus not distinctly delimited from hydranth body, ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Rathkea Brandt, 1837

Rathkeidae medusa with four radial canals; eight marginal tentacle bulbs, all with two or more tentacles; the four ... [details]
 Diagnosis
 for Rathkeidae Russell, 1953

Medusa bell-shaped, manubrium either with four elongated lips forming simple or branched oral arms with terminal ... [details]
 Distribution
 for Bougainvillia principis (Steenstrup, 1850)

A northern boreal medusa occurring in coastal areas from the Barents Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. ... [details]
 Distribution
 for Kinetocodium danae Kramp, 1921

West Indies, mid-Atlantic, Azores, Portugal, Madagascar (Kramp, 1957b) [details]
 Nomenclature
 for Codonorchis calcariformis Xu, Huang & Guo, 2009

Genus Codonorchis is unrecognizable, Haeckel observation of ocelli is unreliable (see Schuchert, 2007) [details]
 Remark
 for Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850

KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE BOUGAINVILLIIDAE: see Schuchert (2007) [details]
 Spelling
 for Rathkea Brandt, 1837

The original spelling by Brandt (1837: 187) was Rathkia, later corrected to Rathkea by Haeckel (1879: 96). The name ... [details]
 Status
 for Atractylis quadritentaculatus Wright, 1867

An ideterminate species [details]
 Status
 for Lizzia octostyla (Haeckel, 1879)

is likely conspecific with Lizzia blondina [details]
 Status
 for Pachycordyle michaeli (Berrill, 1948)

could be conspecific with Pachycordyle navis (Millard, 1959)  [details]
 Status
 for Perigonimus georginae Hadzi, 1913

An indeterminate species, could be Amphinema rugosum or A. dinema (see Rees, 1956a). [details]
 Status
 for Perigonimus inflatus Duerden, 1895

An indeterminate species, could be a Rhizorhagium species [details]
 Status
 for Rathkea hyalina (van Beneden, 1867)

An unrecognizable species, likely a synonym (aberrant form) of Rathkea octopunctata [details]
 synonymy
 for Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschscholtz, 1829

Nigritina atlantica Steenstrup. – Kramp, 1961: 64, name not available. Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschscholtz, 1829: ... [details]
 synonymy
 for Perarella schneideri (Motz-Kossowska, 1905)

Perigonimus schneideri Motz-Kossowska, 1905: 72, fig. 6i. – Rees, 1956a: 344. ? Perigonimus steinachi ... [details]
 Taxonomic remark
 for Hydrichthys Fewkes, 1887

The first complete life cycle of a Hydrichthys hydroid was revealed by Larson (1982). He could identify the ... [details]
 Taxonomic remark
 for Perigonimus sulfureus Chun, 1889

Polyp based species [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Kinetocodium danae Kramp, 1921

Taxonomic position unclear, adult medusa unknown. [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Lizzia Forbes, 1846

The genus Lizzia was transferred to the Family Rathkeidae based on 16S DNA data [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Pachycordyle pusilla (Motz-Kossowska, 1905)

Likely belongs to the genus Bougainvillia. [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Perigonimus yoldiae-arcticae Birula, 1897

perhaps the polyp of Halitholus cirratus Hartlaub, 1914 [details]
 Type locality
 for Amphinema bouilloni Schuchert, 2007

Mediterranean Sea near Otranto, Apulia, Italy [details]
 Type locality
 for Cytaeis octopunctata M. Sars, 1835

Norway, coastal waters near Bergen [details]
 Type locality
 for Halitholus pauper Hartlaub, 1914

Western Greenland, Egedesminde (Aasiaat) [details]
 Type locality
 for Halitholus yoldiaearcticae (Birula, 1897)

Type liocality not specified, Hartlaub had material from Svalbard, the Barent Sea, the Baltic Sera and the North Sea [details]
 Type locality
 for Ichthyocodium sarcotretis Jungersen, 1913

Southwest of Ireland, on copepod parasitizing the deep sea fish Benthosema glaciale [details]
 Type locality
 for Kinetocodium danae Kramp, 1921

Tropical western Atlantic Ocean; WGS84 20.65, - 61.80; 300 m wire out; on pteropod gastropod Diacria trispinosa ... [details]
 Type species
 for Lizzia Forbes, 1846

When Forbes (1846: 286) defined the genus Lizzia he stated «..founded for Cytaeis octopunctata of Sars...». This ... [details]
 Validity
 for Bougainvillia alderi (Hodge, 1863)

Podocoryne alderi Hodge, 1863 is synonym of B. muscus (medusa only). [details]
 Validity
 for Lizzella hyalina (Van Beneden, 1866)

unrecognizable species, likely a synonym of Rathkea octopunctata [details]
 Validity
 for Stomotoca mira (Fewkes, 1887)

See Schuchert (2007: 359) why this combination is not valid. [details]

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