Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Gymnodiniaceae Lankester, 1885. Accessed through: Astudillo, J. C.; Williams, G. A.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Cannicci, S.; Yasuhara, M.; Yau, C.; Qiu, J-W.; Ang, P. O.; To, A. W. L.; Shea, S. K. H. (Eds.) (2025) Hong Kong Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hkrms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109410 on 2025-05-04
Astudillo, J. C.; Williams, G. A.; Leung, K. M. Y.; Cannicci, S.; Yasuhara, M.; Yau, C.; Qiu, J-W.; Ang, P. O.; To, A. W. L.; Shea, S. K. H. (Eds.) (2025). Hong Kong Register of Marine Species. Gymnodiniaceae Lankester, 1885. Accessed at: https://marinespecies.org/hkrms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109410 on 2025-05-04
basis of recordGómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212.[details]
additional sourceParker, S.P. (Ed.) (1982). Synopsis and classification of living organisms. McGraw Hill Book Company: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-07-079031-0. 1166, 1232 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality