Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2021). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Bigyra. Accessed through: Nozères, C., Kennedy, M.K. (Eds.) (2021) Canadian Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/carms/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449151 on 2023-12-04
Nozères, C., Kennedy, M.K. (Eds.) (2023). Canadian Register of Marine Species. Bigyra. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/carms./aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449151 on 2023-12-04
basis of recordCavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E. E.-Y. (2006). Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista). Journal of Molecular Evolution 62: 388–420., available online athttp://www.springerlink.com/content/t5w324231345611g/[details]