World Nemertea Database taxon details

Prostoma Dugès, 1828

Prostoma sp.
Prostoma sp.

162630  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:162630)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Nemertea (Phylum)
  4. Hoplonemertea (Class)
  5. Monostilifera (Order)
  6. Eumonostilifera (Suborder)
  7. Amphiporina (Infraorder)
  8. Prostomatidae (Family)
  9. Prostoma (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Emea Leidy, 1852 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym (Junior synonym)
Stichostemma Montgomery, 1894 · unaccepted (Junior synonym)

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Children Display

  1. Species Prostoma asensoriatum Montgomery, 1896
  2. Species Prostoma canadiense Gibson & Moore, 1978
  3. Species Prostoma communopore Senz, 1996
  4. Species Prostoma eilhardi (Montgomery, 1894)
  5. Species Prostoma giardii Hallez, 1879
  6. Species Prostoma graecense (Böhmig, 1892)
  7. Species Prostoma hercegovinense Tarman, 1961
  8. Species Prostoma kolasai Gibson & Moore, 1976
  9. Species Prostoma macradenum Sun & Yin, 1995
  10. Species Prostoma ohmiense Chernyshev, Timoshkin & Kawakatsu, 1998
  11. Species Prostoma puteale Beauchamp, 1932
  12. Species Prostoma albolineatum Timofeeva, 1912 accepted as Tetrastemma albolineatum (Timofeeva, 1912) (synonym)
  13. Species Prostoma ambigua accepted as Tetrastemma ambiguum Riches, 1893 (synonym)
  14. Species Prostoma ambiguum accepted as Tetrastemma ambiguum Riches, 1893 (synonym)
  15. Species Prostoma amphiporoides accepted as Tetrastemma amphiporoides Bürger, 1893 (synonym)
  16. Species Prostoma antarcticum accepted as Tetrastemma antarcticum Bürger, 1893 (synonym)
  17. Species Prostoma armata accepted as Emplectonema echinoderma (Marion, 1873) (synonym)
  18. Species Prostoma armatum Dugès, 1830 accepted as Emplectonema echinoderma (Marion, 1873) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  19. Species Prostoma aseptata Friedrich, 1935 accepted as Tetrastemma aseptata (Friedrich, 1935) (synonym)
  20. Species Prostoma assimile accepted as Tetrastemma assimile Örsted, 1844 (synonym)
  21. Species Prostoma baculus accepted as Tetrastemma baculus (Quatrefages, 1846) (synonym)
  22. Species Prostoma beaumonti Southern, 1913 accepted as Tetrastemma beaumonti (Southern, 1913) (synonym)
  23. Species Prostoma biancestro Delle Chiaje, 1841 accepted as Tetrastemma candidum (Müller, 1774) (synonym)
  24. Species Prostoma bioculatum accepted as Tetrastemma bioculatum Örsted, 1843 (synonym)
  25. Species Prostoma bipeltatum Timofeeva, 1912 accepted as Tetrastemma bipeltatum (Timofeeva, 1912) (synonym)
  26. Species Prostoma bistriatum Timofeeva, 1912 accepted as Tetrastemma bistriatum (Timofeeva, 1912) (synonym)
  27. Species Prostoma brunnea Friedrich, 1935 accepted as Tetrastemma brunnea (Friedrich, 1935) (synonym)
  28. Species Prostoma buxeum accepted as Tetrastemma buxeum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  29. Species Prostoma canadiensis Gibson & Moore, 1978 accepted as Prostoma canadiense Gibson & Moore, 1978 (unaccepted > incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet)
  30. Species Prostoma candidum accepted as Tetrastemma candidum (Müller, 1774) (synonym)
  31. Species Prostoma cassidens accepted as Tetrastemma cassidens (Marenzeller, 1886) (synonym)
  32. Species Prostoma cephalophorum accepted as Tetrastemma cephalophorum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  33. Species Prostoma cerasinum accepted as Tetrastemma cerasinum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  34. Species Prostoma coronatum (Quatrefages, 1846) accepted as Tetrastemma coronatum (Quatrefages, 1846)
  35. Species Prostoma cruciatum (Bürger, 1895) accepted as Tetrastemma cruciatum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  36. Species Prostoma diadema accepted as Tetrastemma diadema Hubrecht, 1879 (synonym)
  37. Species Prostoma dubium accepted as Tetrastemma dubium Örsted, 1845 (synonym)
  38. Species Prostoma duboisi (Bürger, 1893) accepted as Tetrastemma duboisi Bürger, 1893 (unaccepted > superseded combination, synonym)
  39. Species Prostoma dutoiti Wheeler, 1940 accepted as Tetrastemma dutoiti (Wheeler, 1940) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  40. Species Prostoma elegans accepted as Tetrastemma elegans (Girard, 1852) (synonym)
  41. Species Prostoma falsum (Bürger, 1895) accepted as Tetrastemma falsum Bürger, 1895 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  42. Species Prostoma flagellatum (Montgomery, 1897) accepted as Tetrastemma vermiculus (Quatrefages, 1846) (unaccepted > superseded combination, synonym)
  43. Species Prostoma flavidum (Ehrenberg, 1828) accepted as Tetrastemma flavidum Ehrenberg, 1828 (unaccepted > superseded combination, synonym)
  44. Species Prostoma georgianum accepted as Tetrastemma georgianum Bürger, 1893 (synonym)
  45. Species Prostoma glanduliferum accepted as Tetrastemma glanduliferum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  46. Species Prostoma graeffei accepted as Tetrastemma graeffei (Diesing, 1863) (synonym)
  47. Species Prostoma gulliveri accepted as Oerstedia gulliveri (Bürger, 1893) (synonym)
  48. Species Prostoma hansi accepted as Tetrastemma hansi Bürger, 1893 (synonym)
  49. Species Prostoma hermaphroditicum accepted as Tetrastemma hermaphroditica (Keferstein, 1868) accepted as Tetrastemma hermaphroditicum (Keferstein, 1868) (synonym)
  50. Species Prostoma herouardi Oxner, 1908 accepted as Tetrastemma herouardi (Oxner, 1908) (synonym)
  51. Species Prostoma humile accepted as Tetrastemma humilis (Quatrefages, 1846) accepted as Tetrastemma humile (Quatrefages, 1846) (synonym)
  52. Species Prostoma incisum accepted as Tetrastemma incisum Stimpson, 1855 (synonym)
  53. Species Prostoma interruptum accepted as Tetrastemma interruptum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  54. Species Prostoma jenningsi Gibson & Young, 1971 accepted as Prostoma graecense (Böhmig, 1892) (Synonym)
  55. Species Prostoma kefersteinii Claparède, 1863 accepted as Polycystis naegelii Kölliker, 1845 (Synonym)
  56. Species Prostoma knochii accepted as Tetrastemma knochii (Kölliker, 1845) (synonym)
  57. Species Prostoma lactiflorea accepted as Amphiporus lactifloreus (Johnston, 1828) (synonym)
  58. Species Prostoma leonillae Oxner, 1908 accepted as Tetrastemma leonillae (Oxner, 1908) (synonym)
  59. Species Prostoma lineare Schmidt, 1848 accepted as Prostoma lineare Örsted, 1843 accepted as Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Synonym)
  60. Species Prostoma lineare Örsted, 1843 accepted as Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Synonym)
  61. Species Prostoma littorale Oersted, 1843 accepted as Macrorhynchus croceus (Fabricius, 1826) Graff, 1882 accepted as Graffiellus croceus (Fabricius, 1826) Hornung, 2016 (Synonym)
  62. Species Prostoma longissimum accepted as Tetrastemma longissimum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  63. Species Prostoma maculatum Timofeeva, 1912 accepted as Tetrastemma timofeevai Gibson, 1995 (unaccepted > junior homonym)
  64. Species Prostoma marionis accepted as Tetrastemma marionis Joubin, 1890 (synonym)
  65. Species Prostoma melanocephala accepted as Tetrastemma melanocephalum (Johnston, 1837) (synonym)
  66. Species Prostoma melanocephalum accepted as Tetrastemma melanocephalum (Johnston, 1837) (synonym)
  67. Species Prostoma merula accepted as Tetrastemma merula (Corrêa, 1954) (synonym)
  68. Species Prostoma mixtum Timofeeva, 1912 accepted as Tetrastemma mixtum (Timofeeva, 1912) (synonym)
  69. Species Prostoma nigrifrons (Coe, 1904) accepted as Tetrastemma nigrifrons Coe, 1904 (synonym)
  70. Species Prostoma nimbatum accepted as Tetrastemma nimbatum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  71. Species Prostoma obscura accepted as Cyanophthalma obscura (Schultze, 1851) (synonym)
  72. Species Prostoma obscurum accepted as Cyanophthalma obscura (Schultze, 1851) (synonym)
  73. Species Prostoma peltatum accepted as Tetrastemma peltatum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  74. Species Prostoma portus accepted as Tetrastemma portus Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  75. Species Prostoma pulchra (Johnston, 1837) accepted as Nipponnemertes pulcher (Johnston, 1837) accepted as Nipponnemertes pulchra (Johnston, 1837) (synonym)
  76. Species Prostoma putelale Beauchamp, 1932 accepted as Prostoma puteale Beauchamp, 1932 (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
  77. Species Prostoma quadripunctata accepted as Nemertopsis quadripunctata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (synonym)
  78. Species Prostoma quadripunctatum accepted as Nemertopsis quadripunctata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (synonym)
  79. Species Prostoma quadristriatum accepted as Tetrastemma quadristriatum Langerhans, 1880 (synonym)
  80. Species Prostoma quatrefagesi Bürger, 1904 accepted as Tetrastemma quatrefagesi (Bürger, 1904) (synonym)
  81. Species Prostoma robertianae accepted as Tetrastemma robertianae McIntosh, 1874 (synonym)
  82. Species Prostoma roseocephalum Yamaoka, 1947 accepted as Tetrastemma roseocephalum (Yamaoka, 1947) (synonym)
  83. Species Prostoma schultzei accepted as Tetrastemma schultzei Czerniavsky, 1880 (synonym)
  84. Species Prostoma scutelliferum accepted as Tetrastemma scutelliferum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  85. Species Prostoma simplex Timofeev, 1911 accepted as Tetrastemma simplex (Timofeev, 1911) (synonym)
  86. Species Prostoma spectaculum Yamaoka, 1940 accepted as Prosadenoporus spectacula (Yamaoka, 1940) accepted as Prosadenoporus spectaculus (Yamaoka, 1940) (synonym)
  87. Species Prostoma steenstrupii Hallez, 1879 accepted as Prostomum steenstrupii Schmidt, 1852 accepted as Graffiellus croceus (Fabricius, 1826) Hornung, 2016 (unaccepted > unavailable name)
  88. Species Prostoma stigmatum (Stimpson, 1857) accepted as Tetrastemma stigmatum Stimpson, 1857
  89. Species Prostoma subpellucidum accepted as Tetrastemma subpellucidum Örsted, 1843 (synonym)
  90. Species Prostoma suhmi Bürger, 1904 accepted as Tetrastemma suhmi (Bürger, 1904) (synonym)
  91. Species Prostoma tutus Monastero, 1930 accepted as Tetrastemma tutus (Monastero, 1930) (synonym)
  92. Species Prostoma unicolor (Hubrecht, 1879) accepted as Tetrastemma unicolor (Hubrecht, 1879) (synonym)
  93. Species Prostoma unilineatum (Joubin, 1910) accepted as Antarctonemertes unilineata (Joubin, 1910) (unaccepted > superseded combination, synonym)
  94. Species Prostoma validum (Bürger, 1893) accepted as Antarctonemertes validum (Bürger, 1893) accepted as Antarctonemertes valida (Bürger, 1893) (synonym)
  95. Species Prostoma vastum accepted as Tetrastemma vastum Bürger, 1895 (synonym)
  96. Species Prostoma vermicula accepted as Tetrastemma vermiculus (Quatrefages, 1846) (synonym)
  97. Species Prostoma vermiculus accepted as Tetrastemma vermiculus (Quatrefages, 1846) (synonym)
  98. Species Prostoma verrilli Bürger, 1904 accepted as Tetrastemma verrilli (Bürger, 1904) (synonym)
  99. Species Prostoma viera Timofeev, 1911 accepted as Tetrastemma viera (Timofeev, 1911) (synonym)
  100. Species Prostoma viperula Timofeev, 1911 accepted as Tetrastemma viperula (Timofeev, 1911) (synonym)
  101. Species Prostoma vitigerum Bürger, 1904 accepted as Tetrastemma vittigerum (Bürger, 1904) (Lapsus calami)
  102. Species Prostoma vittigerum Bürger, 1904 accepted as Tetrastemma vittigerum (Bürger, 1904) (synonym)
  103. Species Prostoma cisalpinum Vialli, 1926 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  104. Species Prostoma clepsinoides Dugès, 1828 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  105. Species Prostoma rubrum (Leidy, 1852) (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, Invalidated by Gibson and Moore (1976))
marine, fresh, terrestrial
neuter
Dugès, A. (1828). Recherches sur l'organisation et les moeurs des Planariées. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles.</em> 15: 139–187. Plates 4–5., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6011487
page(s): 140 [details] OpenAccess publication
Taxonomy In the original description, Dugès only included Nemertini, but later authors (Schmidt, Claparède, Oersted, Metschnikoff,...  
Taxonomy In the original description, Dugès only included Nemertini, but later authors (Schmidt, Claparède, Oersted, Metschnikoff, Mereschkofsky, Hallez, Leydi,….) included several species of (rhabdocoel) turbellarians. [details]

Taxonomy Graff (1882) restricts the name Prostoma to Nemertini, and distributes the species of Prostoma described before 1882 to the...  
Taxonomy Graff (1882) restricts the name Prostoma to Nemertini, and distributes the species of Prostoma described before 1882 to the genera Pseudorhynchus (now Astrororhynchus), Acrorhynchus (now Acrorhynchides), Macrorhynchus (incl. the recent genera Macrorhynchus, Polycystis, Progyrator, Phonorhynchus), Gyratrix and Plagiostomum. Since then, the name has never been used anymore in descriptions of turbellaria.
 [details]
World Nemertea Database (2025). Prostoma Dugès, 1828. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/nemertea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=162630 on 2025-05-14
Date
action
by
2005-07-04 07:45:17Z
created
Gibson, Raymond
2006-09-19 06:47:14Z
changed
Martinez, Olga
2011-04-12 14:08:46Z
changed
Norenburg, Jon
2012-09-13 22:44:05Z
changed
Norenburg, Jon
2016-03-14 07:05:58Z
changed
Norenburg, Jon
2017-11-06 18:42:16Z
changed
Norenburg, Jon
2024-11-05 14:30:04Z
changed
Chernyshev, Alexey
2024-12-31 11:45:59Z
changed
Chernyshev, Alexey

original description Dugès, A. (1828). Recherches sur l'organisation et les moeurs des Planariées. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles.</em> 15: 139–187. Plates 4–5., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6011487
page(s): 140 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Stichostemma Montgomery, 1894) Montgomery, T. H. (1894). Kritische Übersicht der Süsswasser-Nemertinen in: Stichostemma eilhardi nov. gen. nov. spec.;. Inaugural Dissertation. University of Berlin, 75 pp. [details] Available for editors  PDF available

original description (of Emea Leidy, 1852) Leidy, J. (1852). Description of new genera of Vermes. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 5 (1850-1851): 124-126., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1642712 [details] OpenAccess publication

taxonomy source Graff, L., von. (1882). Monographie der Turbellarien 1. Rhabdocoelida. <em>[Book].</em> 1-442, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig., available online at https://books.google.com/books/about/Monographie_der_Turbellarien.html?id=LT0hAQAAMAAJ [details] OpenAccess publication

status source Gibson, R. (1995). Nemertean genera and species of the world: an annotated checklist of original names and description citations, synonyms, current taxonomic status, habitats and recorded zoogeographic distribution. <em>Journal of Natural History.</em> 29(2): 271–561., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939500770161 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

status source Chernyshev, A. V. (2005). System of families of Enoplan nemerteans of the order Eumonostilifera (Nemertea: Enopla). <em>Russian Journal of Marine Biology.</em> 31(suppl. 1): 27–33., available online at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11179-006-0012-6 [details] Available for editors  PDF available
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
Unreviewed
Taxonomy In the original description, Dugès only included Nemertini, but later authors (Schmidt, Claparède, Oersted, Metschnikoff, Mereschkofsky, Hallez, Leydi,….) included several species of (rhabdocoel) turbellarians. [details]

Taxonomy Graff (1882) restricts the name Prostoma to Nemertini, and distributes the species of Prostoma described before 1882 to the genera Pseudorhynchus (now Astrororhynchus), Acrorhynchus (now Acrorhynchides), Macrorhynchus (incl. the recent genera Macrorhynchus, Polycystis, Progyrator, Phonorhynchus), Gyratrix and Plagiostomum. Since then, the name has never been used anymore in descriptions of turbellaria.
 [details]
    Definitions

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To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prostoma) 
To Genbank 
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Nemertea Collection (2 records) 
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Prostoma sp.
Prostoma sp.