WoRMS taxon details
Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)
216132 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:216132)
accepted
Species
Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata (Pallas, 1766) (previous combination)
Fungia (Haliglossa) echinata (Pallas, 1866) (changed combination)
Fungia asperata Dana, 1846 (synonym)
Fungia echinata (Pallas, 1766) (previous combination)
Fungia echinata f. neogenica Gerth, 1923 † (synonymy)
Fungia ehrenbergi (Leuckart, 1841) (Synonymy)
Fungia ehrenbergii (Leuckart, 1841) (synonymy)
Fungia ehrenbergii var. gigantea Dana, 1846 (synonymy)
Fungia gigantea Dana, 1846 (synonymy)
Fungia limacina var. lobata Lamarck, 1816 (synonymy)
Fungia pectinata Ehrenberg, 1834 (synonym)
Fungia ruepelli (Leuckart, 1841) (synonymy)
Fungia ruppelii (Leuckart, 1841) (synonymy)
Haliglossa echinata (Pallas, 1766) (previous combination)
Herpetolithas ehrenbergii Leuckart, 1841 (synonym)
Herpetolithas ruepellii Leuckart, 1841 (synonym)
Herpetolithus ruppelii Leuckart, 1841 (synonymy, amended spelling)
Madrepora echinata Pallas, 1766 (original combination, basionym)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
(of Madrepora echinata Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P.S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> pp. 451., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6595 [details] 
Type locality contained in Indian Ocean
, Note "Mare Indicus" Indian Sea. Neotype from...
type locality contained in Indian Ocean [details]
From editor or global species database
Type locality "Mare Indicus" Indian Sea. Neotype from Thousand Islands, Java Sea [details]
Description Septa are striking, with triangular, large and very regular teeth. Coralla are elongate and large (up to 50 cm long). The...
Description Septa are striking, with triangular, large and very regular teeth. Coralla are elongate and large (up to 50 cm long). The central groove may contain one, two, or more centres. Rarely the coral may attain a "star" pattern, possibly due to breakage and uneven regrowth, and in these cases the central furrow, and usually another centre, continues into each of the three arms. This is one of the commonest and most widespread of the free living fungiids. It occupies fore and back reef slopes, rubble, but not soft substrate, from 5 to 25 m deep. Ctenactis simplex is probably the same species. [details]
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2021). World List of Scleractinia. Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216132 on 2021-03-04
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original description
(of Madrepora echinata Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P.S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. <em>Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae.</em> pp. 451., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6595 [details]
original description (of Fungia pectinata Ehrenberg, 1834) Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862 [details]
original description (of Herpetolithas ehrenbergii Leuckart, 1841) Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observations zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia, p. 1-60, pls. 1-4. Emmerling, Friburgi Brisigavorum. [details]
original description (of Herpetolithas ruepellii Leuckart, 1841) Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observations zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia, p. 1-60, pls. 1-4. Emmerling, Friburgi Brisigavorum. [details]
original description (of Fungia asperata Dana, 1846) Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
original description (of Fungia echinata var. parvispina Döderlein, 1902) Döderlein, L. 1902. Die Korallengattung Fungia. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 27: 1–162, I–XXV. [details]
original description (of Fungia echinata var. undulata Döderlein, 1902) Döderlein, L. 1902. Die Korallengattung Fungia. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 27: 1–162, I–XXV. [details]
original description (of Fungia limacina var. lobata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. Paris: Verdière, 568 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Fungia limacina var. lobata bifurcata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. Paris: Verdière, 568 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Herpetolithus ruppelii Leuckart, 1841) Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observations zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia, p. 1-60, pls. 1-4. Emmerling, Friburgi Brisigavorum. [details]
original description (of Fungia echinata f. neogenica Gerth, 1923 †) Gerth H. (1923). Die Anthozoënfauna des Jungtertiars von Borneo. <em>Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museums in Leiden, Serie 1. Beiträge zur Geologie Ost-Asiens und Australiens.</em> 10 (1): 37-136, pls. 1-9. [details]
original description (of Fungia ehrenbergii var. gigantea Dana, 1846) Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
basis of record Hoeksema BW. (1989). Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae. <em>Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden.</em> 254: 1-295., available online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149013 [details]
additional source Gittenberger, A., Reijnen, B.T. & Hoeksema, B.W. 2011. A molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for life history traits. Contributions to Zoology 80: 107-132. , available online at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8002a02 [details]
additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em> [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Fungia pectinata Ehrenberg, 1834) Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862 [details]
original description (of Herpetolithas ehrenbergii Leuckart, 1841) Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observations zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia, p. 1-60, pls. 1-4. Emmerling, Friburgi Brisigavorum. [details]
original description (of Herpetolithas ruepellii Leuckart, 1841) Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observations zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia, p. 1-60, pls. 1-4. Emmerling, Friburgi Brisigavorum. [details]
original description (of Fungia asperata Dana, 1846) Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
original description (of Fungia echinata var. parvispina Döderlein, 1902) Döderlein, L. 1902. Die Korallengattung Fungia. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 27: 1–162, I–XXV. [details]
original description (of Fungia echinata var. undulata Döderlein, 1902) Döderlein, L. 1902. Die Korallengattung Fungia. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 27: 1–162, I–XXV. [details]
original description (of Fungia limacina var. lobata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. Paris: Verdière, 568 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Fungia limacina var. lobata bifurcata Lamarck, 1816) Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1816). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome second. Paris: Verdière, 568 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47698 [details]
original description (of Herpetolithus ruppelii Leuckart, 1841) Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observations zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia, p. 1-60, pls. 1-4. Emmerling, Friburgi Brisigavorum. [details]
original description (of Fungia echinata f. neogenica Gerth, 1923 †) Gerth H. (1923). Die Anthozoënfauna des Jungtertiars von Borneo. <em>Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museums in Leiden, Serie 1. Beiträge zur Geologie Ost-Asiens und Australiens.</em> 10 (1): 37-136, pls. 1-9. [details]
original description (of Fungia ehrenbergii var. gigantea Dana, 1846) Dana, J.D. (1846-1849). Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. <em>Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia.</em> 7: 1-740, 61 pls. (1846: 1-120, 709-720; 1848: 121-708, 721-740; 1849: atlas pls. 1-61)., available online at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/usexex/navigation/ScientificText/USExEx19_08select.cfm [details]
basis of record Hoeksema BW. (1989). Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae. <em>Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden.</em> 254: 1-295., available online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149013 [details]
additional source Gittenberger, A., Reijnen, B.T. & Hoeksema, B.W. 2011. A molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for life history traits. Contributions to Zoology 80: 107-132. , available online at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8002a02 [details]
additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em> [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request] 
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Biology zooxanthellate [details]Type locality "Mare Indicus" Indian Sea. Neotype from Thousand Islands, Java Sea [details]
From other sources
Description Septa are striking, with triangular, large and very regular teeth. Coralla are elongate and large (up to 50 cm long). The central groove may contain one, two, or more centres. Rarely the coral may attain a "star" pattern, possibly due to breakage and uneven regrowth, and in these cases the central furrow, and usually another centre, continues into each of the three arms. This is one of the commonest and most widespread of the free living fungiids. It occupies fore and back reef slopes, rubble, but not soft substrate, from 5 to 25 m deep. Ctenactis simplex is probably the same species. [details]Remark Previously included in the Genus Fungia. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese | トゲクサビライシ | [details] |
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (22 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (28 publications) (from synonym Madrepora echinata Pallas, 1766)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata (Pallas, 1766))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (50 publications) (from synonym Fungia echinata (Pallas, 1766))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Fungia gigantea Dana, 1846)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (from synonym Fungia echinata (Pallas, 1766))
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To GenBank (8 nucleotides; 2 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (66 records)
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (28 publications) (from synonym Madrepora echinata Pallas, 1766)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications) (from synonym Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata (Pallas, 1766))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (50 publications) (from synonym Fungia echinata (Pallas, 1766))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (8 publications) (from synonym Fungia gigantea Dana, 1846)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) (from synonym Fungia echinata (Pallas, 1766))
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA)
To GenBank (8 nucleotides; 2 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Cnidaria Collection (66 records)
To ITIS
