WoRMS taxon details

Cyphastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848

Holotype of Astrea microphthalma Lamarck
Holotype of Astrea microphthalma Lamarck

206488  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:206488)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Cnidaria (Phylum)
  4. Anthozoa (Subphylum)
  5. Hexacorallia (Class)
  6. Scleractinia (Order)
  7. Vacatina (Suborder)
  8. Merulinidae (Family)
  9. Cyphastrea (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Chypastraea Sismonda, 1871 † · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cyphastraea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 · unaccepted > misspelling
Quelchia Duncan, 1889 † · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Solenastraea (Cyphastraea) Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848 · unaccepted > junior objective synonym

Ordering

  • Alphabetically
  • By status

Children Display

  1. Species Cyphastrea agassizi (Vaughan, 1907)
  2. Species Cyphastrea chalcidicum (Forskål, 1775)
  3. Species Cyphastrea decadia Moll & Best, 1984
  4. Species Cyphastrea hexasepta Veron, Turak & DeVantier, 2000
  5. Species Cyphastrea japonica Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932
  6. Species Cyphastrea kausti Bouwmeester & Benzoni, 2015
  7. Species Cyphastrea magna Benzoni & Arrigoni, 2017
  8. Species Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816)
  9. Species Cyphastrea ocellina (Dana, 1846)
  10. Species Cyphastrea salae Baird, Hoogenboom & Huang, 2017
  11. Species Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775)
  12. Species Cyphastrea zhongjianensis Zou, 1980
  13. Species Cyphastrea aspera Quelch, 1886 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  14. Species Cyphastrea bottae Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Leptastrea bottae (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination, basionym)
  15. Species Cyphastrea bottai Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Leptastrea bottae (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) (unaccepted > misspelling)
  16. Species Cyphastrea brueggemanni Quelch, 1886 accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  17. Species Cyphastrea capitata Studer, 1878 accepted as Cyphastrea chalcidicum (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  18. Species Cyphastrea conferta Nemenzo, 1959 accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  19. Species Cyphastrea costata Duncan, 1863 accepted as Orbicella annularis (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  20. Species Cyphastrea danai Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857 accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  21. Species Cyphastrea emiliae Claereboudt, 2006 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  22. Species Cyphastrea forskaelana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) accepted as Echinopora forskaliana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  23. Species Cyphastrea gardineri Matthai, 1914 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  24. Species Cyphastrea hemprichiana (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849) accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  25. Species Cyphastrea incrustans (Forskål, 1775) accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  26. Species Cyphastrea laticostata Nemenzo, 1971 accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  27. Species Cyphastrea minuta Nemenzo & Ferraris, 1982 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  28. Species Cyphastrea muellerae Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  29. Species Cyphastrea muelleri Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  30. Species Cyphastrea oblita Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 accepted as Solenastrea bournoni Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  31. Species Cyphastrea savigny Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, misspelling)
  32. Species Cyphastrea savignyi Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Cyphastrea microphthalma (Lamarck, 1816) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  33. Species Cyphastrea serialis (Forskål, 1775) accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > misspelling)
  34. Species Cyphastrea suvadivae (Gardiner, 1904) accepted as Cyphastrea serailia (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  35. Species Cyphastrea tanabensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Cyphastrea japonica Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  36. Species Cyphastrea glomerata Nemenzo, 1988 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  37. Species Cyphastrea nodulosa Verill, 1901 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  38. Species Cyphastrea pleiades (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1848). Note sur la classification de la deuxième tribu de la famille des Astréides. <em>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 27: 490–497., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29692 [details]   
Description 'Diffère des trois genres précédents [Astrea, Plesiastrea, Solenastrea] par la compacité du coenenchyme et par la...  
Description 'Diffère des trois genres précédents [Astrea, Plesiastrea, Solenastrea] par la compacité du coenenchyme et par la structure poutrellaire de la partie interne des cloisons.' (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848, vol. 27: 494) [details]

Description All species, except for C. japonica (which is arborescent with axial and radial corallites), are massive or encrusting....  
Description All species, except for C. japonica (which is arborescent with axial and radial corallites), are massive or encrusting. Corallites are plocoid, with calices less than 3 mm in diameter. Costae are generally restricted to the corallite wall; the coenosteum is granulated. Polyps are extended only at night (Veron, 1986 <57>). [details]
Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2024). World List of Scleractinia. Cyphastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206488 on 2024-04-19
Date
action
by
1997-02-03 14:17:27Z
created
Vanden Berghe, Edward
2000-07-18 15:57:33Z
changed
Vanden Berghe, Edward
2006-09-11 06:44:08Z
changed
Martinez, Olga
2013-02-06 17:41:18Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2014-03-16 13:26:33Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2019-08-21 08:08:45Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2021-04-28 05:39:27Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2022-05-15 06:23:49Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert
2022-11-25 10:16:10Z
changed
Hoeksema, Bert

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1848). Note sur la classification de la deuxième tribu de la famille des Astréides. <em>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 27: 490–497., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29692 [details]   

original description  (of Cyphastraea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848) Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1848). Note sur la classification de la deuxième tribu de la famille des Astréides. <em>Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 27: 490–497., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.29692 [details]   

original description  (of Chypastraea Sismonda, 1871 †) Sismonda, E.; Michelotti, G. (1871). Matériaux pour servir à la paléontologie du terrain tertiaire du Piémont. <em>Memorie della Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino.</em> 2(25): 257-361., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36389689 [details]   

basis of record Veron JEN. (1986). Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. <em>Angus & Robertson Publishers.</em>  [details]   

additional source Veron JEN, Pichon M, Wijsman-Best M. (1977). Scleractinia of Eastern Australia – Part II. Families Faviidae, Trachyphylliidae. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science Monograph series.</em> 3: 1-233. [details]   

additional source Randall RH. (2003). An annotated checklist of hydrozoan and scleractinian corals collected from Guam and other Mariana Islands. <em>Micronesica.</em> 35-36: 121-137.
page(s): 133 [details]   

additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

additional source Veron JEN. (2000). Corals of the World. Vol. 1–3. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science and CRR, Queensland, Australia.</em>  [details]   

additional source Budd AF, Fukami H, Smith ND, Knowlton N. (2012). Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Mussidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 166 (3): 465-529., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00855.x [details]   

additional source Matthai G. (1914). A revision of the recent colonial Astraeidae possessing distinct corallites. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Series Zoology.</em> 17(1): 1-140, pls. 1-38. [details]   

additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

additional source Cairns, S.D., R. Baron-Szabo, A.F. Budd, B. Lathuilière, E. Roniewicz, J. Stolarski & K.G. Johnson. (2010). Corallosphere. , available online at http://www.corallosphere.org [details]   

additional source Wijsman-Best M (1977) Indo-Pacific coral species belonging to the subfamily Montastreinae Vaughan and Wells, 1943 (Scleractinia-Coelenterata) Part I. The genera Montastrea and Plesiastrea. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden 52: 81-97.
page(s): 84 [details]   

additional source Huang D, Benzoni F, Fukami H, Knowlton N, Smith ND, Budd AF (2014) Taxonomic classification of the reef coral families Merulinidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 171: 277–355. [details]   

additional source Veron JEN, Marsh LM. (1988). Hermatypic corals of Western Australia : records and annotated species list. <em>Records Western Australian Museum Supplement.</em> 29: 1-136., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60555
page(s): 27, 115 [details]   

additional source Durham JW. (1962). Corals from the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. <em>Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Fourth Series.</em> 32 (2): 41-56.
page(s): 45 [details]   

additional source Khalil HM, Fathy MS, Al Sawy SM. (2021). Quaternary corals (Scleractinia: Merulinidae) from the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast. <em>Geological Journal.</em> , available online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/gj.4145?af=R [details]   

additional source Sheppard, C. R. C. (1985). Fringing reefs in the southern region, Jeddah to Jizan. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 7, 37-58
page(s): 46 [details]   

additional source Chukaew T, Isomura N, Mezaki T, Matsumoto H, Kitano YF, Nozawa Y, Tachikawa H, Fukami H. (2023). Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Coral Genus Cyphastrea (Cnidaria, Scleractinia, Merulinidae) in Japan, With the First Records of Two Species. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 40(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zs230009 [details]   

additional source Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. <em>[Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone].</em> , available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details]   
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

Nontype WAM 363-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
Nontype WAM 863-85, geounit Australian Exclusive Economic Zone [details]
From editor or global species database
Comparison Cyphastrea is a morphologically well-defined and moderately well-supported genus, but it is also exclusively associated with Echinopora, Orbicella and Paramontastraea. Cyphastrea spp. share the plesiomorphic state of spinose coenosteum with Echinopora and Paramontastraea, amongst other characters with Orbicella, supporting them as a clade that is sister to the rest of Merulinidae. Despite the recent emphasis that corals east and west of the Americas are genetically distinct from one another (Fukami et al., 2004), and whilst Cyphastrea and Orbicella are found solely in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic realms respectively, synapomorphies are present for the clade comprising them, namely small calice width and trabecular but compact columellae. They also have walls formed predominantly by septotheca, a plesiomorphic state shared only with Paramontastraea. On its own, Cyphastrea is defined by the synapomorphy of strong pointed granules on the septal face. Because its closest relative does not overlap geographically, it is easily identified with the apomorphies shared with Orbicella. The multiaxial tooth tips, although present also among Echinopora and Paramontastraea, are much more conspicuous in Cyphastrea due to their small corallites. To date, phylogenetic data is only available for about half of the members of Cyphastrea (see also Romano and Palumbi, 1996; Chen et al., 2004). [details]

Description 'Diffère des trois genres précédents [Astrea, Plesiastrea, Solenastrea] par la compacité du coenenchyme et par la structure poutrellaire de la partie interne des cloisons.' (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848, vol. 27: 494) [details]

Diagnosis Colonial, with extracalicular budding only. Corallites monomorphic and discrete (1–3 centers); monticules absent. Coenosteum generally spinose (costate in C. agassizi and apical corallites of C. decadia), moderate amount (< corallite diameter; extensive in C. decadia). Calice width small (< 4 mm), with low relief (< 3 mm). Costosepta not confluent. Septa in ≤ 3 cycles (≤ 36 septa). Free septa regular. Septa spaced >11 septa per 5 mm. Costosepta unequal in relative thickness. Columellae trabecular but compact (1–3 threads), < 1/4 of calice width, and discontinuous among adjacent corallites. Paliform (uniaxial) lobes weak or moderate. Epitheca well developed and endotheca low-moderate (tabular). Tooth base at mid-calice circular. Tooth tip at mid-calice irregular; tip orientation multiaxial. Tooth height low (< 0.3 mm) and tooth spacing narrow (< 0.3 mm), with > 6 teeth per septum. Granules scattered on septal face; strong (pointed). Interarea smooth. Walls formed by dominant septotheca; abortive septa absent. Thickening deposits fibrous. Costa center clusters weak; 0.3–0.6 mm between clusters; medial lines weak. Septum center clusters weak; < 0.3 mm between clusters; medial lines weak. Transverse crosses absent. Columella centers clustered. [details]

Remark Cyphastrea Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848, vol. 27: 494 was established to accommodate species distinguished by their compact coenosteum—'compacité du coenenchyme' (Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848, vol. 27: 494). Following which, only one species—Cyphastrea agassizi—has been placed in another genus in the initial description, implying limited confusion with its taxonomy. Molecular data indicate that Cyphastrea is very dissimilar from other taxa as it is subtended by a long branch from its sister genus, Orbicella. Yet the Cyphastrea + Orbicella clade (subclade C) is a well-supported relationship that has been recovered in several studies (Fukami et al., 2004, 2008; Huang et al., 2011; Arrigoni et al., 2012). Cyphastrea is widely distributed on reefs of the Indo-Pacific, present in French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands in the southern hemisphere (Glynn et al., 2007), but absent in the eastern Pacific in the north. [details]

From other sources
Description All species, except for C. japonica (which is arborescent with axial and radial corallites), are massive or encrusting. Corallites are plocoid, with calices less than 3 mm in diameter. Costae are generally restricted to the corallite wall; the coenosteum is granulated. Polyps are extended only at night (Veron, 1986 <57>). [details]

Remark Type species: Astraea microphthalma Lamarck, 1816 (Veron, 1986). [details]
LanguageName 
English lesser knob coralknob coral  [details]
Japanese トゲキクメイシ属  [details]
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
To European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) 
To Genbank 
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Holotype of Astrea microphthalma Lamarck
Holotype of Astrea microphthalma Lamarck
Holotype of Astrea microphthalma Lamarck
Holotype of Astrea microphthalma Lamarck

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