1. Subgenus Chaetoceros (Hyalochaete)
2. Subgenus Chaetoceros (Phaeoceros) Gran
   1. Species Chaetoceros (Phaeoceros) dadayi Pavillard, 1913 accepted as Chaetoceros dadayi Pavillard, 1913 (uncertain > unassessed)
3. Species Chaetoceros acadianus Samanta & Porcher in Kaczmarska et al., 2019
4. Species Chaetoceros affinis Lauder, 1864
5. Species Chaetoceros anastomosans Grunow, 1882
6. Species Chaetoceros angularis Schütt, 1895
7. Species Chaetoceros anostomosans
8. Species Chaetoceros atlanticus Cleve, 1873
9. Species Chaetoceros bifurcatus X.J. Xu, Yang Li & Lundholm in Xu et al., 2019
10. Species Chaetoceros boreale
11. Species Chaetoceros borealis Bailey, 1854
12. Species Chaetoceros brevis F.Schütt, 1895
13. Species Chaetoceros brevispinosus X.J.Xu, Yang Li & Lundholm
14. Species Chaetoceros bulbosus (Ehrenberg) Heiden, 1928
15. Species Chaetoceros cinctus Gran, 1897
16. Species Chaetoceros circinalis (Meunier) K.G. Jensen & Moestrup, 1998
17. Species Chaetoceros coarctatus Lauder, 1864
18. Species Chaetoceros cochleus F.Schütt
19. Species Chaetoceros compressus Lauder, 1864
20. Species Chaetoceros concavicornis Mangin, 1917
21. Species Chaetoceros constrictus Gran, 1897
22. Species Chaetoceros convolutus Castracane, 1886
23. Species Chaetoceros crinitus F.Schütt, 1895
24. Species Chaetoceros criophilus Castracane, 1886
25. Species Chaetoceros curvatus Castracane, 1886
26. Species Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve, 1889
27. Species Chaetoceros dadayi Pavillard, 1913
28. Species Chaetoceros dayaensis Li & Zhu, 2015
29. Species Chaetoceros debilis Cleve, 1894 emend Xu, Y.Li & Lundholm in Xu et al., 2020
30. Species Chaetoceros decipiens Cleve, 1873
31. Species Chaetoceros densus (Cleve) Cleve, 1899
32. Species Chaetoceros denticulata H.S.Lauder
33. Species Chaetoceros denticulatus
34. Species Chaetoceros dichaeta Ehrenberg, 1844
35. Species Chaetoceros didymus Ehrenberg, 1845
36. Species Chaetoceros diversus Cleve, 1873
37. Species Chaetoceros elongatus Honigmann, 1909
38. Species Chaetoceros filiformis Meunier, 1910
39. Species Chaetoceros furcillatus Bailey, 1856
40. Species Chaetoceros galeatus X.J. Xu & Yang Li in Xu et al., 2020
41. Species Chaetoceros gelidus Chamnansinp, Li, Lundholm & Moestrup, 2013
42. Species Chaetoceros glaciale A.F.Meunier
43. Species Chaetoceros glandazii Mangin, 1910
44. Species Chaetoceros hispidus (Ehrenberg) T.Brightwell
45. Species Chaetoceros holsaticus F.Schütt, 1895
46. Species Chaetoceros imbricatus Mangin, 1912
47. Species Chaetoceros incurvus Bailey
48. Species Chaetoceros jouseanus R. M. Gogorev, 2006
49. Species Chaetoceros laciniosus F.Schütt, 1895
50. Species Chaetoceros leve F.Schütt
51. Species Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow, 1863
52. Species Chaetoceros mertensii Honigmann, 1909
53. Species Chaetoceros millipedarius X.J. Xu, Yang Li & Lundholm in Xu et al., 2019
54. Species Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmermann, 1898
55. Species Chaetoceros neogracilis VanLand., 1968
56. Species Chaetoceros nipponicus J.Ikari
57. Species Chaetoceros ornatus (Chamnansinp, Moestrup & Lundholm) X.J.Xu, Yang Li & Lundholm
58. Species Chaetoceros pacificus J.Ikari
59. Species Chaetoceros paradoxus Cleve, 1873
60. Species Chaetoceros pauciramosus Z. Y. Chen, N. Lund- holm, Ø. Moestrup, J. Kownacka & Y. Li, 2018
61. Species Chaetoceros pelagicus Cleve
62. Species Chaetoceros pendulus Karsten, 1905
63. Species Chaetoceros peruvianus Brightwell, 1856
64. Species Chaetoceros proschkinae Gogorev, 2006
65. Species Chaetoceros pseudocrinitus Ostenfeld, 1901
66. Species Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetum L. Mangin, 1910
67. Species Chaetoceros rotosporus Li, Lundholm & Moestrup, 2013
68. Species Chaetoceros schuettii Cleve
69. Species Chaetoceros secundus Cleve, 1873
70. Species Chaetoceros setoense J.Ikari
71. Species Chaetoceros seychellarus Karsten, 1907
72. Species Chaetoceros similis Cleve, 1896
73. Species Chaetoceros simplex Ostenfeld, 1902
74. Species Chaetoceros sociale H.S. Lauder, 1864
75. Species Chaetoceros socialis H.S.Lauder, 1864
76. Species Chaetoceros subtilis Cleve, 1896
77. Species Chaetoceros tenuissimus Meunier, 1913
78. Species Chaetoceros teres Cleve, 1896
79. Species Chaetoceros thienemannii Hustedt, 1925
80. Species Chaetoceros vermiculus F.Schütt
81. Species Chaetoceros wighamii Brightwell, 1856
82. Species Chaetoceros zachariasi
83. Species Chaetoceros zachariasii Honigmann, 1909
84. Species Chaetoceros adhaerens Mangin, 1913 accepted as Chaetoceros costatus Pavillard, 1911 (Synonym)
85. Species Chaetoceros affine Lauder, 1864 accepted as Chaetoceros affinis Lauder, 1864
86. Species Chaetoceros balticum P.T. Cleve, 1896 accepted as
87. Species Chaetoceros bottnicus Cleve, 1896 accepted as Chaetoceros wighamii Brightwell, 1856
88. Species Chaetoceros debile Cleve, 1894 accepted as Chaetoceros debilis Cleve, 1894 emend Xu, Y.Li & Lundholm in Xu et al., 2020
89. Species Chaetoceros delicatulum C.E.H.Ostenfeld, 1901 accepted as Chaetoceros delicatulus Ostenfeld, 1902
90. Species Chaetoceros densum (Cleve) Cleve, 1899 accepted as Chaetoceros densus (Cleve) Cleve, 1899
91. Species Chaetoceros dichaetus Ehrenberg, 1844 accepted as Chaetoceros dichaeta Ehrenberg, 1844 (incorrect genus gender agreement)
92. Species Chaetoceros didymum Ehrenb., 1845 accepted as Chaetoceros didymus Ehrenberg, 1845 (spelling variation)
93. Species Chaetoceros furca Cleve, 1897 accepted as Chaetoceros messanense Castracane, 1875 (synonym)
94. Species Chaetoceros gracile Apstein, 1909 accepted as Chaetoceros ceratosporus Ostenfeld, 1910 (synonym)
95. Species Chaetoceros gracilis Schütt, 1895 accepted as Chaetoceros neogracile S.L.VanLandingham, 1968 accepted as Chaetoceros neogracilis VanLand., 1968 (Synonym)
96. Species Chaetoceros groenlandicus Cleve, 1896 accepted as Chaetoceros diadema (Ehrenberg) Gran, 1897 accepted as Syndendrium diadema Ehrenberg, 1854 † (Synonym)
97. Species Chaetoceros hiemale Cleve, 1900 accepted as Chaetoceros brevis F.Schütt, 1895
98. Species Chaetoceros impressus K.G.Jensen & Moestrup, 1998 accepted as Chaetoceros castracanei Karsten, 1905 (synonym)
99. Species Chaetoceros janischianus Castracane, 1886 accepted as Chaetoceros dichaetus Ehrenberg, 1844 accepted as Chaetoceros dichaeta Ehrenberg, 1844 (Synonym)
100. Species Chaetoceros messanensis Castracane, 1875 accepted as Chaetoceros messanense Castracane, 1875
101. Species Chaetoceros neapolitanus Schroeder, 1900 accepted as Chaetoceros atlanticus var. neapolitanus (Schroeder) Hustedt, 1930 (synonym)
102. Species Chaetoceros neogracile S.L.VanLandingham, 1968 accepted as Chaetoceros neogracilis VanLand., 1968
103. Species Chaetoceros paradoxus Peragallo, 1897 accepted as Chaetoceros diadema (Ehrenberg) Gran, 1897 accepted as Syndendrium diadema Ehrenberg, 1854 † (Synonym)
104. Species Chaetoceros polygonus Schütt, 1895 accepted as Chaetoceros atlanticus Cleve, 1873
105. Species Chaetoceros pseudobreve Pavillard, 1911 accepted as Chaetoceros brevis F.Schütt, 1895
106. Species Chaetoceros pseudosimilis Cleve-Euler accepted as Chaetoceros pseudosimile Cleve-Euler, 1937
107. Species Chaetoceros schuttii Cleve accepted as Chaetoceros affinis Lauder, 1864
108. Species Chaetoceros septentrionalis Østrup, 1895 accepted as Attheya septentrionalis (Østrup) R.M.Crawford, 1994 accepted as Chaetoceros septentrionalis Cleve, 1896 (synonym)
109. Species Chaetoceros abnormis Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
110. Species Chaetoceros aculeatus Makarova, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
111. Species Chaetoceros adelianum E. Manguin, 1957 (uncertain > unassessed)
112. Species Chaetoceros adriaticus B.Schussnig, 1915 (uncertain > unassessed)
113. Species Chaetoceros aduncus Suchanova, 1971 (uncertain > unassessed)
114. Species Chaetoceros aequatorialis Cleve, 1873 (uncertain > unassessed)
115. Species Chaetoceros amanita Cleve-Euler, 1915 (uncertain > unassessed)
116. Species Chaetoceros apendiculatus Müller-Melchers, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
117. Species Chaetoceros approximatus Gran & Angst, 1931 (uncertain > unassessed)
118. Species Chaetoceros armatus T.West, 1860 (uncertain > unassessed)
119. Species Chaetoceros astrabadicus Henckel, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
120. Species Chaetoceros asymmetricus J. Fenner in Fenner & Mikkelsen, 1990 (uncertain > unassessed)
121. Species Chaetoceros atlantidae Müller-Melchers, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
122. Species Chaetoceros audax F.Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
123. Species Chaetoceros aurivillii Cleve, 1901 (uncertain > unassessed)
124. Species Chaetoceros bacillaria Ehrenberg, 1844 (uncertain > unassessed)
125. Species Chaetoceros bacteriastroides G.H.H.Karsten, 1907 (uncertain > unassessed)
126. Species Chaetoceros baculites Meunier, 1910 (uncertain > unassessed)
127. Species Chaetoceros balticus Cleve, 1896 (uncertain > unassessed)
128. Species Chaetoceros bermejensis Hernandez-Becerril, 1991 (uncertain > unassessed)
129. Species Chaetoceros biconcavus Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
130. Species Chaetoceros bicoronata Mereschkowsky, 1899 (uncertain > unassessed)
131. Species Chaetoceros biharensis Pantocsek, 1892 (uncertain > unassessed)
132. Species Chaetoceros borealoides Honigmann, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
133. Species Chaetoceros borgei Lemmermann, 1904 (uncertain > unassessed)
134. Species Chaetoceros brightwellii (Cleve) Cleve, 1901 accepted as Chaetoceros borealis var. brightwellii (Cleve) Cleve (uncertain > unassessed)
135. Species Chaetoceros brussilowi Henckel, 1925 (uncertain > unassessed)
136. Species Chaetoceros buceros Karsten, 1907 (uncertain > unassessed)
137. Species Chaetoceros bungei Honigmann, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
138. Species Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) Takano, 1968 accepted as Chaetoceros simplex var. calcitrans Paulsen, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
139. Species Chaetoceros calvus Cleve, 1901 (uncertain > unassessed)
140. Species Chaetoceros capense Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
141. Species Chaetoceros capreolus (Ehrenberg) L.W. Bailey, 1910 accepted as Dicladia capreolus Ehrenberg, 1845 † (uncertain > unassessed)
142. Species Chaetoceros capricornianus Taylor, 1967 (uncertain > unassessed)
143. Species Chaetoceros caspicus Ostenfeld, 1920 (uncertain > unassessed)
144. Species Chaetoceros castracanei Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
145. Species Chaetoceros ceratosporus Ostenfeld, 1910 (uncertain > unassessed)
146. Species Chaetoceros chilensis Krasske, 1941 (uncertain > unassessed)
147. Species Chaetoceros chunii Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
148. Species Chaetoceros ciliata Lauder, 1864 (uncertain > unassessed)
149. Species Chaetoceros clavigera Ostenfeld, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
150. Species Chaetoceros clevei Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
151. Species Chaetoceros commutatus Cleve, 1896 (uncertain > unassessed)
152. Species Chaetoceros compactus Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
153. Species Chaetoceros confervoides Ralfs in Pritchard, 1861 (uncertain > unassessed)
154. Species Chaetoceros contortus Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
155. Species Chaetoceros convexicornis Mangin, 1919 (uncertain > unassessed)
156. Species Chaetoceros cornutus Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1898 (uncertain > unassessed)
157. Species Chaetoceros coronatus Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
158. Species Chaetoceros costatus Pavillard, 1911 (uncertain > unassessed)
159. Species Chaetoceros criophilus sensu Hust. In A. Schmidt, 1921, non Castr., 1886 (uncertain > unassessed)
160. Species Chaetoceros criophilus Gran, 1904 (uncertain > unassessed)
161. Species Chaetoceros crucifer Gran in Gran & Angst, 1931 (uncertain > unassessed)
162. Species Chaetoceros curiosus Makarova, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
163. Species Chaetoceros currens Cleve, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
164. Species Chaetoceros cylindrosporus Makarova, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
165. Species Chaetoceros danicus Cleve, 1889 (uncertain > unassessed)
166. Species Chaetoceros deflandrei E. Manguin, 1960 (uncertain > unassessed)
167. Species Chaetoceros delicatulus Ostenfeld, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
168. Species Chaetoceros dentatus Korotkevicz, 1964 (uncertain > unassessed)
169. Species Chaetoceros diadema (Ehrenberg) Gran, 1897 accepted as Syndendrium diadema Ehrenberg, 1854 † (uncertain > unassessed)
170. Species Chaetoceros dicladia Castracane, 1886 (uncertain > unassessed)
171. Species Chaetoceros difficilis Cleve, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
172. Species Chaetoceros diploneis Ehrenberg, 1844 (1845) (uncertain > unassessed)
173. Species Chaetoceros dipyrenops A.F.Meunier, 1913 (uncertain > unassessed)
174. Species Chaetoceros dispar Castracane, 1886 (uncertain > unassessed)
175. Species Chaetoceros distans Cleve, 1873 (uncertain > unassessed)
176. Species Chaetoceros distichum Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
177. Species Chaetoceros distinguendus Lemmermann, 1904 (uncertain > unassessed)
178. Species Chaetoceros diversicurvatus Van Goor, 1924 (uncertain > unassessed)
179. Species Chaetoceros dubius Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1955 (uncertain > unassessed)
180. Species Chaetoceros eibenii Grunow, 1882 (uncertain > unassessed)
181. Species Chaetoceros elmorei Boyer, 1914 (uncertain > unassessed)
182. Species Chaetoceros exospermum Meunier, 1913 (uncertain > unassessed)
183. Species Chaetoceros externus Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
184. Species Chaetoceros fallax Prosckina-Lavrenko, 1955 (uncertain > unassessed)
185. Species Chaetoceros femur Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
186. Species Chaetoceros flexuosus Mangin, 1915 (uncertain > unassessed)
187. Species Chaetoceros forcipatus L. Mangin, 1915 (uncertain > unassessed)
188. Species Chaetoceros fragilis Meunier, 1910 (uncertain > unassessed)
189. Species Chaetoceros frickei Hustedt in Schmidt, 1921 (uncertain > unassessed)
190. Species Chaetoceros furcatus (Shadbolt) Mann, 1907 accepted as Bacteriastrum furcatum Shadbolt, 1854 (uncertain > unassessed)
191. Species Chaetoceros furcatus Ehrenberg, 1872 (uncertain > unassessed)
192. Species Chaetoceros furcellatus Yendo, 1911 (uncertain > unassessed)
193. Species Chaetoceros fusus Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
194. Species Chaetoceros galvestonensis Collier & Murphy, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
195. Species Chaetoceros gaussii Heiden, 1928 (uncertain > unassessed)
196. Species Chaetoceros glacialis Henckel, 1925 (uncertain > unassessed)
197. Species Chaetoceros glandazi Mangin, 1910 (uncertain > unassessed)
198. Species Chaetoceros gobii Henckel, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
199. Species Chaetoceros granii Cleve, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
200. Species Chaetoceros grunowii F.Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
201. Species Chaetoceros hamatus Hustedt ex Simonsen, 1987 (uncertain > unassessed)
202. Species Chaetoceros hebes Mann, 1925 (uncertain > unassessed)
203. Species Chaetoceros hendeyi Manguin, 1960 (uncertain > unassessed)
204. Species Chaetoceros heterovalvatus Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
205. Species Chaetoceros hiemalis (Cleve) Cleve, 1900 accepted as Chaetoceros didymus var. hiemalis Cleve, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
206. Species Chaetoceros hirundinellus Qian, 1979 (uncertain > unassessed)
207. Species Chaetoceros hohnii Graebner & Wujek in Wujek & Graebner, 1980 (uncertain > unassessed)
208. Species Chaetoceros horridus Krasske, 1941 (uncertain > unassessed)
209. Species Chaetoceros hungaricus Pantocsek, 1892 (uncertain > unassessed)
210. Species Chaetoceros ikari Skvortzow, 1931 (uncertain > unassessed)
211. Species Chaetoceros imbricatus L. Mangin, 1913 (uncertain > unassessed)
212. Species Chaetoceros implicans Ehrenberg, 1872 (uncertain > unassessed)
213. Species Chaetoceros incertus Makarova, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
214. Species Chaetoceros incisor Ralfs in Lauder, 1864 (uncertain > unassessed)
215. Species Chaetoceros indicus Karsten, 1907 (uncertain > unassessed)
216. Species Chaetoceros indicus Subrahmanyan, 1946 (uncertain > unassessed)
217. Species Chaetoceros ingolfianus Ostenfeld, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
218. Species Chaetoceros insignis Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1955 (uncertain > unassessed)
219. Species Chaetoceros insignis Müller-Melchers, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
220. Species Chaetoceros intermedius Henckel, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
221. Species Chaetoceros invisibilis R.M. Gogorev & I.V. Makarova in Gogorev, 2003 (uncertain > unassessed)
222. Species Chaetoceros japonicus Ehrenberg, 1872 (uncertain > unassessed)
223. Species Chaetoceros javanicus Cleve, 1873 (uncertain > unassessed)
224. Species Chaetoceros karianus Grunow, 1880 (uncertain > unassessed)
225. Species Chaetoceros kelleri Brun, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
226. Species Chaetoceros komarovii Woronichin, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
227. Species Chaetoceros laeve G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892 (uncertain > unassessed)
228. Species Chaetoceros lauderi Ralfs, 1864 (uncertain > unassessed)
229. Species Chaetoceros lawii E. Manguin, 1954 (uncertain > unassessed)
230. Species Chaetoceros leudugeri Brun, 1894 (uncertain > unassessed)
231. Species Chaetoceros limaniensis Ehrlich, 1969 (uncertain > unassessed)
232. Species Chaetoceros longicornis Makarova, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
233. Species Chaetoceros longisetus Cleve, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
234. Species Chaetoceros lorenzii Grunow in Van Heurck, 1883 (uncertain > unassessed)
235. Species Chaetoceros lyra Mereschkowsky, 1900-1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
236. Species Chaetoceros makarovae R.M. Gogorev, 2006 (uncertain > unassessed)
237. Species Chaetoceros malayensis Nielsen, 1931 (uncertain > unassessed)
238. Species Chaetoceros malygini Henckel, 1926 (uncertain > unassessed)
239. Species Chaetoceros manguinii Reyssac, 1968 (uncertain > unassessed)
240. Species Chaetoceros manguinii Gayral, 1954 (uncertain > unassessed)
241. Species Chaetoceros medusa Mann, 1925 (uncertain > unassessed)
242. Species Chaetoceros meridiana (Schütt) Karsten, 1928 accepted as Peragallia meridiana Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
243. Species Chaetoceros messanense Castracane, 1875 (uncertain > unassessed)
244. Species Chaetoceros minimus (Levander) D.Marino, G.Giuffre, M.Montresor & A.Zingone, 1991 accepted as Rhizosolenia minima Levander, 1904 (uncertain > unassessed)
245. Species Chaetoceros mirabilis Makarova, 1959 (uncertain > unassessed)
246. Species Chaetoceros mitra (Bailey) Cleve, 1896 accepted as Dicladia mitra J.W.Bailey, 1856 † (uncertain > unassessed)
247. Species Chaetoceros najadianus B.Schussnig, 1915 (uncertain > unassessed)
248. Species Chaetoceros navicula (Ehrenberg) Brightwell, 1856 accepted as Goniothecium navicula Ehrenberg, 1844 (uncertain > unassessed)
249. Species Chaetoceros neapolitanus Schröder, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
250. Species Chaetoceros neglectus Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
251. Species Chaetoceros notabile Lohmann, 1919 (uncertain > unassessed)
252. Species Chaetoceros odessanus Aksentjev, 1930 (uncertain > unassessed)
253. Species Chaetoceros odontella (Ehrenberg) G.L.Rabenhorst accepted as Goniothecium odontella f. odontella Ehrenberg, 1844 (uncertain > unassessed)
254. Species Chaetoceros oppositisetaceus Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1961 (uncertain > unassessed)
255. Species Chaetoceros ostenfeldii Cleve, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
256. Species Chaetoceros pachyceros R.Margalef (uncertain > unassessed)
257. Species Chaetoceros pacificus Semina, 1961 (uncertain > unassessed)
258. Species Chaetoceros parallelis Boden, 1950 (uncertain > unassessed)
259. Species Chaetoceros parvus Schutt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
260. Species Chaetoceros paulsenii Ostenfeld, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
261. Species Chaetoceros pavillardii Ikari, 1928 (uncertain > unassessed)
262. Species Chaetoceros perpusillus Cleve, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
263. Species Chaetoceros peruvio-atlanticus Karsten, 1907 (uncertain > unassessed)
264. Species Chaetoceros pethoei Pantocsek, 1892 (uncertain > unassessed)
265. Species Chaetoceros phuketensis J.E.B.Rines, P.Boonruang & E.C.Theriot, 2000 (uncertain > unassessed)
266. Species Chaetoceros ponticus Mereschkowsky, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
267. Species Chaetoceros princeps (Castracane) Mann, 1926 accepted as Bacteriastrum varians var. princeps Castracane, 1886 (uncertain > unassessed)
268. Species Chaetoceros procerum Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
269. Species Chaetoceros processus Makarova, 1962 (uncertain > unassessed)
270. Species Chaetoceros protuberans Lauder, 1864 (uncertain > unassessed)
271. Species Chaetoceros pseudoaurivillii Ikari, 1926 (uncertain > unassessed)
272. Species Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus Mangin, 1910 (uncertain > unassessed)
273. Species Chaetoceros pseudodichaeta J.Ikari, 1926 (uncertain > unassessed)
274. Species Chaetoceros pseudosimile Cleve-Euler, 1937 (uncertain > unassessed)
275. Species Chaetoceros pseudosymmetricus Nielsen, 1931 (uncertain > unassessed)
276. Species Chaetoceros radians F.Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
277. Species Chaetoceros radicans F.Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
278. Species Chaetoceros ralfsii Cleve, 1873 (uncertain > unassessed)
279. Species Chaetoceros ralfsii Schütt, 1896 (uncertain > unassessed)
280. Species Chaetoceros ramosus Korotkevicz, 1964 (uncertain > unassessed)
281. Species Chaetoceros recurvatus Henckel, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
282. Species Chaetoceros reichelti Hustedt in Schimdt et al., 1921 (uncertain > unassessed)
283. Species Chaetoceros remotus Cleve & Grunow, 1880 (uncertain > unassessed)
284. Species Chaetoceros rigidus Ostenfeld, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
285. Species Chaetoceros robustus Makarova, 1961 (uncertain > unassessed)
286. Species Chaetoceros rogersii (Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst, 1864 accepted as Goniothecium rogersii Ehrenberg, 1843 † (uncertain > unassessed)
287. Species Chaetoceros rostratus Ralfs, 1864 (uncertain > unassessed)
288. Species Chaetoceros rudis (Cleve) Cleve, 1901 accepted as Chaetoceros borealis var. rudis Cleve, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
289. Species Chaetoceros salsugineus Takano, 1983 (uncertain > unassessed)
290. Species Chaetoceros saltans Cleve, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
291. Species Chaetoceros scabrosus Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1955 (uncertain > unassessed)
292. Species Chaetoceros sceleton Hensen, 1911 (uncertain > unassessed)
293. Species Chaetoceros schimperianus G.Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
294. Species Chaetoceros schmidtii C.E.H.Ostenfeld (uncertain > unassessed)
295. Species Chaetoceros scolopendra Cleve, 1896 (uncertain > unassessed)
296. Species Chaetoceros scriptus Frenguelli, 1949 (uncertain > unassessed)
297. Species Chaetoceros seiracanthus Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
298. Species Chaetoceros sessilis Grøntved, 1951 (uncertain > unassessed)
299. Species Chaetoceros siamense Ostenfeld, 1902 (uncertain > unassessed)
300. Species Chaetoceros similoides Hustedt, 1956 (uncertain > unassessed)
301. Species Chaetoceros skeleton F.Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
302. Species Chaetoceros spinosus Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1898 (uncertain > unassessed)
303. Species Chaetoceros strictus Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
304. Species Chaetoceros subcompressus Schroder, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
305. Species Chaetoceros subcoronatus Krasske, 1941 (uncertain > unassessed)
306. Species Chaetoceros subsalsus Lemmermann, 1904 (uncertain > unassessed)
307. Species Chaetoceros subsecundus (Grunow ex Van Heurck) Hustedt, 1927 accepted as Chaetoceros distans var. subsecunda Grunow in Van Heurck, 1883 (uncertain > unassessed)
308. Species Chaetoceros subtortilis Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1961 (uncertain > unassessed)
309. Species Chaetoceros sumatranus Karsten, 1907 (uncertain > unassessed)
310. Species Chaetoceros surirella Frenguelli, 1949 (uncertain > unassessed)
311. Species Chaetoceros tenellus Ehrenberg, 1872 (uncertain > unassessed)
312. Species Chaetoceros tetrachaeta Ehrenberg, 1840 (uncertain > unassessed)
313. Species Chaetoceros tetras Karsten, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
314. Species Chaetoceros tetrastichon Cleve, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
315. Species Chaetoceros throndsenii (Marino, Montresor & Zingone) Marino, Montresor & Zingone, 1991 accepted as Miraltia throndsenii Marino, Montresor & Zingone, 1987 (uncertain > unassessed)
316. Species Chaetoceros tiltilensis Frenguelli, 1949 (uncertain > unassessed)
317. Species Chaetoceros tortilisetus L. Mangin, 1910 (uncertain > unassessed)
318. Species Chaetoceros tortissimus Gran, 1900 (uncertain > unassessed)
319. Species Chaetoceros transisetus Johansen & Boyer, 1995 (uncertain > unassessed)
320. Species Chaetoceros turbineus Makarova & Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1964 (uncertain > unassessed)
321. Species Chaetoceros uruguayensis Muller-Melchers, 1953 (uncertain > unassessed)
322. Species Chaetoceros vanheurckii Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
323. Species Chaetoceros vistulae Apstein, 1909 (uncertain > unassessed)
324. Species Chaetoceros vixvisibilis Schiller in Hustedt, 1930 (uncertain > unassessed)
325. Species Chaetoceros volans Schütt, 1895 (uncertain > unassessed)
326. Species Chaetoceros weissflogii F.Schütt, 1905 (uncertain > unassessed)
327. Species Chaetoceros wighamoides Cholnoky, 1966 (uncertain > unassessed)
328. Species Chaetoceros willei Gran, 1897 (uncertain > unassessed)
329. Species Chaetoceros xishaensis Guo, Ye & Zhou, 1978 (uncertain > unassessed)

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