WoRMS taxon details
Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
140770 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:140770)
accepted
Species
Hypogaea verrucosa Poli, 1795 · unaccepted (synonym)
Pholas callosa Lamarck, 1818 · unaccepted
Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886 · unaccepted
Pholas dactylus var. decurtata Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted
Pholas dactylus var. gracilis Jeffreys, 1865 · unaccepted
Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878 · unaccepted
Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786 · unaccepted
Pholas jordani van Hoepen, 1941 · unaccepted
Pholas marmoratus Perry, 1811 · unaccepted
Pholas muricatus da Costa, 1778 · unaccepted
Pholas mytiloides Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 · unaccepted
Zirphaea julan H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 · unaccepted
- Variety Pholas dactylus var. decurtata Jeffreys, 1865 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
- Variety Pholas dactylus var. gracilis Jeffreys, 1865 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Distribution Range covers both subprovinces of Acadian and Virginian.
Distribution Range covers both subprovinces of Acadian and Virginian. [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140770 on 2025-03-24
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 License
Nomenclature
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Pholas callosa Lamarck, 1818) Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1818). <i>Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres</i>. Tome cinquième, 612 pp. Paris, Deterville/Verdière. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12886879
page(s): 445 [details]
original description (of Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886) Locard, A. (1886). <i>Prodrome de malacologie française. Catalogue général des mollusques vivants de France. Mollusques marins</i>. Lyon: H. Georg & Paris: Baillière. x + 778 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10831012
page(s): 365 [details]
original description (of Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878) Monterosato, T. A. di. (1878). Enumerazione e sinonimia delle Conchiglie mediterranee. <em>Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche.</em> 13: 61-115 [December 31st, 1878]., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35333762 [details]
original description (of Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786) Lightfoot, J. (1786). A Catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland, deceased; which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner & Co. <em>[book].</em> London. viii + 194 pp., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43259464 [details]
original description (of Pholas marmoratus Perry, 1811) Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. W. Miller, London, 4 pp. + 61 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41764832 [details]
original description (of Pholas muricatus da Costa, 1778) Da Costa, E. M. (1778). <i>Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, or, the British conchology</i>; containing the descriptions and other particulars of natural history of the shells of Great Britain and Ireland: illustrated with figures. In English and French. - Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, ou, la conchologie Britannique; contenant les descriptions & autres particularités d'histoire naturelle des coquilles de la Grande Bretagne & de l'Irlande: avec figures en taille douce. En anglois & françois. i-xii, 1-254, i-vii, [1], Pl. I-XVII. London. (Millan, White, Emsley & Robson). , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13116783
page(s): 244-246; pl. 16 fig. 2 [details]
original description (of Pholas dactylus var. decurtata Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 105 [details]
original description (of Pholas dactylus var. gracilis Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 105 [details]
original description (of Hypogaea verrucosa Poli, 1795) Poli, J. X. (1795). <i>Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata</i>. Parma: Regio Typographeio. Vol. 2: i-xlix, [1-2], 75-264, pls 19-39. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44019644 [details]
basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details]
page(s): 669 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Pholas callosa Lamarck, 1818) Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1818). <i>Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres</i>. Tome cinquième, 612 pp. Paris, Deterville/Verdière. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12886879
page(s): 445 [details]
original description (of Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886) Locard, A. (1886). <i>Prodrome de malacologie française. Catalogue général des mollusques vivants de France. Mollusques marins</i>. Lyon: H. Georg & Paris: Baillière. x + 778 pp. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10831012
page(s): 365 [details]
original description (of Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878) Monterosato, T. A. di. (1878). Enumerazione e sinonimia delle Conchiglie mediterranee. <em>Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche.</em> 13: 61-115 [December 31st, 1878]., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35333762 [details]
original description (of Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786) Lightfoot, J. (1786). A Catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland, deceased; which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner & Co. <em>[book].</em> London. viii + 194 pp., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43259464 [details]
original description (of Pholas marmoratus Perry, 1811) Perry, G. (1811). Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. W. Miller, London, 4 pp. + 61 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41764832 [details]
original description (of Pholas muricatus da Costa, 1778) Da Costa, E. M. (1778). <i>Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, or, the British conchology</i>; containing the descriptions and other particulars of natural history of the shells of Great Britain and Ireland: illustrated with figures. In English and French. - Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, ou, la conchologie Britannique; contenant les descriptions & autres particularités d'histoire naturelle des coquilles de la Grande Bretagne & de l'Irlande: avec figures en taille douce. En anglois & françois. i-xii, 1-254, i-vii, [1], Pl. I-XVII. London. (Millan, White, Emsley & Robson). , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13116783
page(s): 244-246; pl. 16 fig. 2 [details]
original description (of Pholas dactylus var. decurtata Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 105 [details]
original description (of Pholas dactylus var. gracilis Jeffreys, 1865) Jeffreys, J. G. (1862-1869). <i>British conchology</i>. Vol. 1: pp. cxiv + 341 [1862]. Vol. 2: pp. 479 [1864]. Vol. 3: pp. 394 [1865]. Vol. 4: pp. 487 [1867]. Vol. 5: pp. 259 [1869]. London, van Voorst. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/55187
page(s): 105 [details]
original description (of Hypogaea verrucosa Poli, 1795) Poli, J. X. (1795). <i>Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata</i>. Parma: Regio Typographeio. Vol. 2: i-xlix, [1-2], 75-264, pls 19-39. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44019644 [details]
basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details]
Other
additional source
Pollock, L.W. (1998). A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=i1AmT31cuR4C [details]
additional source Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Kilburn, R.N. & Rippey, E. (1982) Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, xi + 249 pp.
page(s): 202 [details]
additional source Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp.
page(s): 246. [details]
additional source Huber, M. (2010). <i>Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research</i>. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Okutani, T. (1994). A New Discovery of Streak-like Flashing Luminescence in Ctenoides ales (Finley,1927) (Bivalvia:Limidae). <em>VENUS (The Japanese Journals of Malacology).</em> 53(1):57 - 59. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Backeljau, T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Vine, P. (1986). Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London. 224 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Kilburn, R.N. & Rippey, E. (1982) Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, xi + 249 pp.
page(s): 202 [details]
additional source Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector's Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp.
page(s): 246. [details]
additional source Huber, M. (2010). <i>Compendium of bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research</i>. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Okutani, T. (1994). A New Discovery of Streak-like Flashing Luminescence in Ctenoides ales (Finley,1927) (Bivalvia:Limidae). <em>VENUS (The Japanese Journals of Malacology).</em> 53(1):57 - 59. [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Backeljau, T. (1986). Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van België [List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium]. Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen: Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Unreviewed
Distribution Range covers both subprovinces of Acadian and Virginian. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Albanian | midhja shpuese | [details] |
| Catalan | fòlada | [details] |
| Danish | daddelformet boremusling | [details] |
| Dutch | pholadegrote boormosselgewone boormossel | [details] |
| English | common piddock | [details] |
| French | pholade communegrande pholadegite | [details] |
| German | Große Bohrmuschelgrose Bohrmuschelgemeine BohrmuschelDattelmuschel | [details] |
| Italian | dattero bianco | [details] |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Φτερά αγγέλωνΔάκτυλο | [details] |
BIOTIC
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (31 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (563 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Pholas dactylus)
To GenBank (79 nucleotides; 32 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 France, Bretagne, ex coll. J. Trausel)
To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 Spain, Andalucía, Málaga, Málaga, ex coll. J. Trause...
To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 Tunisia, Medenine, Ile de Jerba, S of Aghir, beached...
To Marine Bivalves of the British Isles webpage at National Museum of Wales
To PESI
To PESI (from synonym Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas dactylus var. decurtata Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas dactylus var. gracilis Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Hypogaea verrucosa Poli, 1795)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection
To ITIS
Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland
Marine Life Information Network - UK
To Barcode of Life (31 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (563 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Pholas dactylus)
To GenBank (79 nucleotides; 32 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 France, Bretagne, ex coll. J. Trausel)
To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 Spain, Andalucía, Málaga, Málaga, ex coll. J. Trause...
To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 Tunisia, Medenine, Ile de Jerba, S of Aghir, beached...
To Marine Bivalves of the British Isles webpage at National Museum of Wales
To PESI
To PESI (from synonym Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas dactylus var. decurtata Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Pholas dactylus var. gracilis Jeffreys, 1865)
To PESI (from synonym Hypogaea verrucosa Poli, 1795)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection
To ITIS
 callosa.jpg "To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 Spain, Andalucía, Málaga, Málaga, ex coll. J. Trause...")
.jpg "To Malacopics (Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758 Tunisia, Medenine, Ile de Jerba, S of Aghir, beached...")
