WoRMS taxon details

Pholas Linnaeus, 1758

138343  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:138343)

accepted
Genus
Dactylina Gray, 1847 · unaccepted (synonym)
Hypogaea Poli, 1791 · unaccepted
Pholas (Monothyra) Tryon, 1862 · alternative representation
Pholas (Pholas) Linnaeus, 1758 · alternative representation
Pholas (Thovana) Gray, 1847 · alternative representation
Pragmopholas P. Fischer, 1887 · unaccepted (synonym)

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  1. Species Pholas bissauensis Cosel & Haga, 2018
  2. Species Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
  3. Species Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
  4. Species Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
  5. Species Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791
  6. Subgenus Pholas (Scobinopholas) U. S. Grant & Gale, 1931 accepted as Cyrtopleura (Scobinopholas) U. S. Grant & Gale, 1931 represented as Cyrtopleura Tryon, 1862 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  7. Subgenus Pholas (Zirfaea) J. E. Gray, 1842 accepted as Zirfaea J. E. Gray, 1842 (unaccepted > superseded rank, superseded combination)
    1. Species Pholas acuminata G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Parapholas acuminata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
    2. Species Pholas alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 accepted as Barnea alfredensis (Bartsch, 1915) (original combination)
    3. Species Pholas antipodum R. A. Philippi, 1847 accepted as Barnea similis (J. E. Gray, 1835) (junior subjective synonym)
    4. Species Pholas atomus Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    5. Species Pholas australasiae G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea australasiae (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    6. Species Pholas bakeri S. P. Woodward, 1854 accepted as Barnea birmanica (R. A. Philippi, 1849)
    7. Species Pholas beauiana Récluz, 1853 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    8. Species Pholas bifrons da Costa, 1778 accepted as Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    9. Species Pholas birmanica R. A. Philippi, 1849 accepted as Barnea birmanica (R. A. Philippi, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    10. Species Pholas branchiata Gould, 1845 accepted as Parapholas branchiata (A. Gould, 1845)
    11. Species Pholas californica Conrad, 1837 accepted as Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837)
    12. Species Pholas callosa Lamarck, 1818 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    13. Species Pholas calva G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Parapholas calva (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
    14. Species Pholas candeana A. d'Orbigny, 1853 accepted as Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
    15. Species Pholas candidus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Barnea candida (Linnaeus, 1758)
    16. Species Pholas caribaea A. d'Orbigny, 1846 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (junior synonym)
    17. Species Pholas clausus Hanley, 1842 accepted as Talona explanata (Spengler, 1792)
    18. Species Pholas clavata Lamarck, 1818 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    19. Species Pholas concamerata Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Penitella penita (Conrad, 1837)
    20. Species Pholas conoides J. Parsons, 1766 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    21. Species Pholas constricta G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Penitella gabbii (Tryon, 1863)
    22. Species Pholas corticaria G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    23. Species Pholas costatus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Cyrtopleura costata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    24. Species Pholas costulata Goodall, 1890 accepted as Barnea candida (Linnaeus, 1758)
    25. Species Pholas crenulatus Spengler, 1792 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
    26. Species Pholas crispata (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    27. Species Pholas crucifera auct. accepted as Cyrtopleura crucigera (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (misspelling)
    28. Species Pholas cruciger G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Cyrtopleura crucigera (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
    29. Species Pholas cuneiformis Say, 1822 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (original combination)
    30. Species Pholas cupula Yokoyama, 1924 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    31. Species Pholas curta G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Diplothyra curta (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
    32. Species Pholas dactylina Locard, 1886 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    33. Species Pholas dactyloides Lamarck, 1818 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
    34. Species Pholas darwinii G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Netastoma darwinii (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    35. Species Pholas davidi Deshayes, 1874 accepted as Barnea davidi (Deshayes, 1874)
    36. Species Pholas decussata Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    37. Species Pholas dilatata Souleyet, 1843 accepted as Barnea dilatata (Souleyet, 1843)
    38. Species Pholas dilecta Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932 accepted as Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
    39. Species Pholas duboisi Locard, 1891 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
    40. Species Pholas edwardsi Monterosato, 1878 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    41. Species Pholas edwardsii Tryon, 1862 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
    42. Species Pholas explanata Spengler, 1792 accepted as Talona explanata (Spengler, 1792)
    43. Species Pholas faba Pulteney, 1799 accepted as Rocellaria dubia (Pennant, 1777)
    44. Species Pholas falcata G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (invalid: junior homonym of Pholas falcata W. Wood, 1815)
    45. Species Pholas falcata W. Wood, 1815 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    46. Species Pholas fragilis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea fragilis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    47. Species Pholas fragilis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849, sensu Smith, 1904 accepted as Barnea alfredensis (Bartsch, 1915) (misapplication)
    48. Species Pholas gibbosa A. d'Orbigny, 1846 accepted as Xylophaga globosa G. B. Sowerby I, 1835
    49. Species Pholas globulosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 accepted as Jouannetia globulosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835)
    50. Species Pholas goodall Blainville, 1826 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
    51. Species Pholas grayana G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Diplothyra curta (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834)
    52. Species Pholas hians [Lightfoot], 1786 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    53. Species Pholas hians Gmelin, 1791 accepted as Lamychaena hians (Gmelin, 1791) (original combination)
    54. Species Pholas hornbeckii A. d'Orbigny, 1853 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    55. Species Pholas incei G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Pholas incii G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792) (Error or emendation of Pholas incii)
    56. Species Pholas incii G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792)
    57. Species Pholas janellii Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Parapholas californica (Conrad, 1837)
    58. Species Pholas jordani van Hoepen, 1941 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    59. Species Pholas krebsi Krebs, 1864 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822)
    60. Species Pholas lamellata W. Turton, 1822 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
    61. Species Pholas lamellosa A. d'Orbigny, 1841 accepted as Barnea lamellosa (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)
    62. Species Pholas lanceolata A. d'Orbigny, 1841 accepted as Cyrtopleura lanceolata (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)
    63. Species Pholas laqueata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
    64. Species Pholas latissima G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea dilatata (Souleyet, 1843)
    65. Species Pholas ligamentina Deshayes, 1839 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
    66. Species Pholas ligniperda G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 accepted as Martesia multistriata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    67. Species Pholas lignorum Spengler, 1779 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    68. Species Pholas macrostoma R. A. Philippi, 1858 accepted as Netastoma darwinii (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    69. Species Pholas manilensis R. A. Philippi, 1847 accepted as Barnea manilensis (R. A. Philippi, 1847) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    70. Species Pholas manillae G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Barnea manilensis (R. A. Philippi, 1847)
    71. Species Pholas marmoratus Perry, 1811 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    72. Species Pholas melanura G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Pholadidea melanura (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
    73. Species Pholas multistriata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Martesia multistriata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    74. Species Pholas muricatus da Costa, 1778 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    75. Species Pholas mytiloides Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 accepted as Pholas dactylus Linnaeus, 1758
    76. Species Pholas nanus Pulteney, 1799 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    77. Species Pholas oblongata Say, 1822 accepted as Pholas campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
    78. Species Pholas obtecta G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Aspidopholas tubigera (Valenciennes, 1846)
    79. Species Pholas obturamentum Hedley, 1893 accepted as Barnea obturamentum (Hedley, 1893) (superceded combination)
    80. Species Pholas ovata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Aspidopholas ovum (W. Wood, 1828)
    81. Species Pholas ovoidea Gould, 1851 accepted as Chaceia ovoidea (A. Gould, 1851)
    82. Species Pholas ovum W. Wood, 1828 accepted as Aspidopholas ovum (W. Wood, 1828)
    83. Species Pholas pacifica Stearns, 1871 accepted as Barnea subtruncata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (junior synonym)
    84. Species Pholas papyracea W. Turton, 1822 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
    85. Species Pholas papyraceus Spengler, 1792 accepted as Barnea candida (Linnaeus, 1758)
    86. Species Pholas papyraceus [Lightfoot], 1786 accepted as Pholadidea loscombiana W. Turton, 1819
    87. Species Pholas parva Pennant, 1777 accepted as Barnea parva (Pennant, 1777)
    88. Species Pholas patula Gould, 1850 accepted as Barnea dilatata (Souleyet, 1843)
    89. Species Pholas penita Conrad, 1837 accepted as Penitella penita (Conrad, 1837) (original combination)
    90. Species Pholas piriformis Dunker, 1882 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792)
    91. Species Pholas pusillus Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
    92. Species Pholas quadra G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 accepted as Pholadidea quadra (G. B. Sowerby I, 1834) (original combination)
    93. Species Pholas quadrizonalis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792)
    94. Species Pholas quadrizonata Spengler, 1792 accepted as Parapholas quadrizonata (Spengler, 1792)
    95. Species Pholas retifer Mörch, 1861 accepted as Pholas chiloensis Molina, 1782
    96. Species Pholas rivicola G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 accepted as Lignopholas rivicola (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
    97. Species Pholas rosea C. B. Adams, 1850 accepted as Martesia striata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    98. Species Pholas rostrata Valenciennes, 1846 accepted as Netastoma rostratum (Valenciennes, 1846)
    99. Species Pholas rudis Tryon, 1862 accepted as Martesia cuneiformis (Say, 1822) (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
    100. Species Pholas semicostata H. C. Lea, 1844 (unaccepted, basionym)
    101. Species Pholas siamensis Spengler, 1792 (unaccepted)
    102. Species Pholas silicula Lamarck, 1818 (unaccepted)
    103. Species Pholas similis J. E. Gray, 1835 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
    104. Species Pholas spathulata Deshayes, 1843 (unaccepted)
    105. Species Pholas spathulata G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 (unaccepted, invalid: not Deshayes, 1843)
    106. Species Pholas striata Blainville, 1825 (unaccepted)
    107. Species Pholas striatus Linnaeus, 1758 (unaccepted, original combination)
    108. Species Pholas subconstricta Yokoyama, 1924 (unaccepted)
    109. Species Pholas subtruncata G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (unaccepted, original combination)
    110. Species Pholas sulcata T. Brown, 1827 (unaccepted)
    111. Species Pholas suteri (E. Lamy, 1926) (unaccepted, superseded combination)
    112. Species Pholas tenuistriata Blainville, 1826 (unaccepted)
    113. Species Pholas teredinaeformis G. B. Sowerby II, 1849 (unaccepted)
    114. Species Pholas teredo O. F. Müller, 1776 (unaccepted, synonym)
    115. Species Pholas truncata Say, 1822 (unaccepted, original combination)
    116. Species Pholas tuberculata W. Turton, 1822 (unaccepted)
    117. Species Pholas tubifera G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (unaccepted, original combination)
    118. Species Pholas ventricosa Anton, 1838 (unaccepted)
    119. Species Pholas vibonensis R. A. Philippi, 1844 (unaccepted)
    120. Species Pholas xilophaga Deshayes, 1835 (unaccepted)
    121. Species Pholas xylophaga Deshayes, 1835 (unaccepted, synonym)
    122. Species Pholas brevis G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
    123. Species Pholas cordata Gmelin, 1791 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
    124. Species Pholas cornea G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
    125. Species Pholas erythraea G. B. Sowerby II, 1872 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, use in recent liteature currently undocumented)
    marine
    Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
    page(s): 669 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 
    MolluscaBase eds. (2024). MolluscaBase. Pholas Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138343 on 2024-04-18
    Date
    action
    by
    2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
    created
    2010-07-10 09:41:30Z
    changed
    2013-01-14 21:56:30Z
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    Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


    original description Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. <em>Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae.</em> , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
    page(s): 669 [details]  Available for editors  PDF available [request] 

    original description  (of Hypogaea Poli, 1791) Poli J.X. (1791). <i>Testacea utriusque Siciliae eorumque historia et anatome tabulis aeneis illustrata.</i> Ex Regio Typographeio, Parmae. Vol. 1: pp. i-lxxiii, [1-6], i-x, 1-90, 1-50, [1], 1-74, pls 1-18. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/44019471
    page(s): introduction, p. 29 [details]   

    context source (PeRMS) Paredes, C.; Cardoso, F.; Santamaría, J.; Esplana, J.; Llaja, L. (2016). Lista anotada de los bivalvos marinos del Perú. <em>Revista peruana de biología.</em> 23(2), 127-150., available online at http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1727-99332016000200006 [details]   

    basis of record Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 180-213., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf [details]   

    redescription Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp. [details]   
     
     Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
    From editor or global species database
    Grammatical gender treated as masculine by Linnaeus but as feminine by most subsequent authors; grom greek φωλάς, "lurking in a hole"  [details]