WoRMS taxon details
Phalium Link, 1807
137749 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:137749)
accepted
Genus
Buccinum glaucum Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758) (type by subsequent designation)
Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817 · unaccepted > junior objective synonym
Bezoardicella T. Habe, 1961 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cassis (Bezoardica) Schumacher, 1817 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Cassis (Phalium) Link, 1807 · unaccepted > superseded rank
Doliocassis Dall, 1909 † · unaccepted > superseded rank
Phalium (Bezoardica) Schumacher, 1817 · unaccepted > junior objective synonym
Phalium (Doliocassis) Dall, 1909 † · alternative representation
Phalium (Phalium) Link, 1807 · unaccepted
- Species Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium bandatum (Perry, 1811)
- Species Phalium cancellianum Nomura, 1935
- Species Phalium decussatum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium evdoxiae H. Morrison, 2016
- Species Phalium exaratum (Reeve, 1848)
- Species Phalium fimbria (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium flammiferum (Röding, 1798)
- Species Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium muangmani Raybaudi Massilia & Prati Musetti, 1995
- Species Phalium maculatum (G. Perry, 1811) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
- Subgenus Phalium (Bezoardica) Schumacher, 1817 accepted as Phalium Link, 1807 (unaccepted > junior objective synonym)
- Subgenus Phalium (Casmaria) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 accepted as Casmaria H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
- Species Phalium (Casmaria) decipiens Kilburn, 1980 accepted as Semicassis decipiens (Kilburn, 1980)
- Subgenus Phalium (Echinophoria) Sacco, 1890 accepted as Echinophoria Sacco, 1890 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
- Subgenus Phalium (Phalium) Link, 1807 accepted as Phalium Link, 1807
- Species Phalium (Phalium) strigatum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Phalium strigatum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Phalium flammiferum (Röding, 1798)
- Subgenus Phalium (Semicassis) Mörch, 1852 accepted as Semicassis Mörch, 1852 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
- Species Phalium (Semicassis) bisulcatum (Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829) accepted as Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829)
- Species Phalium (Semicassis) pila (Reeve, 1848) accepted as Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829)
- Species Phalium (Semicassis) undulatum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Semicassis undulata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium (Semicassis) vector Abbott, 1994 accepted as Semicassis bondarevi Mühlhäusser & Parth, 1993 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Subgenus Phalium (Tylocassis) Woodring, 1928 accepted as Semicassis Mörch, 1852 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Phalium (Tylocassis) sulcosum (Bruguière, 1792) accepted as Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778)
- Subgenus Phalium (Xenogalea) Iredale, 1927 accepted as Semicassis Mörch, 1852 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Phalium (Xenogalea) labiatum (G. Perry, 1811) accepted as Semicassis labiata (G. Perry, 1811) (superseded combination)
- Species Phalium adcocki (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896) accepted as Semicassis adcocki (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896) accepted as Antephalium adcocki (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896) (superseded combination)
- Species Phalium agnitum Iredale, 1927 accepted as Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758) (synonym)
- Species Phalium andersoni Abbott, 1968 accepted as Echinophoria hadra (Woodring & Olsson, 1957)
- Species Phalium bisulcatum (Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829) accepted as Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829)
- Species Phalium breviculum C.-Y. Tsi & S.-T. Ma, 1980 accepted as Phalium flammiferum (Röding, 1798)
- Species Phalium centiquadratum (Valenciennes, 1832) accepted as Semicassis centiquadrata (Valenciennes, 1832) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Phalium cicatricosum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778)
- Species Phalium clathratum Link, 1807 accepted as Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium coronadoi (Crosse, 1867) accepted as Echinophoria coronadoi (Crosse, 1867)
- Species Phalium craticulatum (Euthyme, 1885) accepted as Semicassis craticulata (Euthyme, 1885)
- Species Phalium decipiens Kilburn, 1980 accepted as Semicassis decipiens (Kilburn, 1980) (original combination)
- Species Phalium denisi Salmon, 1948 accepted as Semicassis angasi (Iredale, 1927)
- Species Phalium edentulum Link, 1807 accepted as Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium erinaceum (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Phalium extinctum Link, 1807 accepted as Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium faurotis (Jousseaume, 1888) accepted as Semicassis faurotis (Jousseaume, 1888) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Phalium fimbriata accepted as Phalium fimbria (Gmelin, 1791) (misspelling)
- Species Phalium glabratum (Dunker, 1852) accepted as Semicassis glabrata (Dunker, 1852)
- Species Phalium granulatum (Born, 1778) accepted as Semicassis granulata (Born, 1778) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Phalium iheringi Carcelles, 1953 accepted as Semicassis iheringi (Carcelles, 1953) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Phalium inornatum (Pilsbry, 1895) accepted as Semicassis inornata (Pilsbry, 1895)
- Species Phalium kurodai Abbott, 1968 accepted as Echinophoria kurodai (Abbott, 1968) (original combination)
- Species Phalium labiatum (G. Perry, 1811) accepted as Semicassis labiata (G. Perry, 1811) (superseded combination)
- Species Phalium microstoma (E. von Martens, 1904) accepted as Semicassis microstoma (E. von Martens, 1904)
- Species Phalium pila (Reeve, 1848) accepted as Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & J. A. Wagner, 1829)
- Species Phalium ponderosa [sic] accepted as Phalium ponderosum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium ponderosum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium pseudobandatum S. K. Tan, H. E. Ng & Nguang, 2013 accepted as Phalium bandatum (Perry, 1811)
- Species Phalium pyrum (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Semicassis pyrum (Lamarck, 1822) (superseded combination)
- Species Phalium quadratum Link, 1807 accepted as Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium saburon (Bruguière, 1792) accepted as Semicassis saburon (Bruguière, 1792)
- Species Phalium semigranosum (Lamarck, 1822) accepted as Antephalium semigranosum (Lamarck, 1822) (superseded combination)
- Species Phalium stadiale (Hedley, 1914) accepted as Semicassis pyrum (Lamarck, 1822) (synonym)
- Species Phalium strigatum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Phalium flammiferum (Röding, 1798)
- Species Phalium sulcatum Link, 1807 accepted as Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium torquatum (Reeve, 1848) accepted as Casmaria ponderosa (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium undulatum (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Semicassis granulata undulata (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Semicassis undulata (Gmelin, 1791)
- Species Phalium vibex (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Species Phalium whitworthi Abbott, 1968 accepted as Semicassis whitworthi (Abbott, 1968) (original combination)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
neuter
Link, D. H. F. (1806-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adlers Erben, Rostock; 1, pp. 1-50 [1806]; 2, pp. 51-100 [1807]; 3, pp. 101-165 [1807]; 4, pp. 1-30 [1807]; 5, pp. 1-38 [1808]; 6, pp. 1-38 [1808]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43301237
page(s): 112 [details]
page(s): 112 [details]
Taxonomy Abbott (1968) held a very comprehensive concept of the genus Phalium, to include all the species of the subfamily Phaliinae...
Taxonomy Abbott (1968) held a very comprehensive concept of the genus Phalium, to include all the species of the subfamily Phaliinae except those included in Casmaria H.& A. Adams, 1853. Current authors (Alf, 1997; Beu, 2008) would include in Phalium only those species which have varixes all along the spire and have spines around the outer edge of the terminal varix as in Casmaria. Species with predominantly spiral sculpture and with only a terminal varix without spines are currently classified in Semicassis Mörch, 1852 but often cited under Phalium
[details]
[details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2026). MolluscaBase. Phalium Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137749 on 2026-06-11
Date
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Attribution 4.0 License
Nomenclature
original description
Link, D. H. F. (1806-1808). Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Adlers Erben, Rostock; 1, pp. 1-50 [1806]; 2, pp. 51-100 [1807]; 3, pp. 101-165 [1807]; 4, pp. 1-30 [1807]; 5, pp. 1-38 [1808]; 6, pp. 1-38 [1808]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/43301237
page(s): 112 [details]
original description (of Phalium (Doliocassis) Dall, 1909 †) Dall, W. H. (1909). Contributions to the Tertiary Palaeontology of the Pacific coast. The Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon. <em>Professional Papers, United States Geological Survey.</em> 59: 1-278., available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0059/report.pdf
page(s): 62 [details]
original description (of Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817) Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. <em>Schultz, Copenghagen.</em> iv + 288 pp., 22 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81329 [details]
original description (of Bezoardicella T. Habe, 1961) Habe, T. (1961). <i>Coloured illustrations of the shells of Japan</i> (II). Hoikusha, Osaka. xii + 183 + 42 pp., 66 pls. xii + 183 + 42 pp., 66 pl.
page(s): 43. [details]
basis of record Abbott, R. T. (1968). The helmet shells of the world (Cassidae), Part 1. <em>Indo-Pacific Mollusca.</em> 2 (9): 7-201., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49823850 [details]
page(s): 112 [details]
original description (of Phalium (Doliocassis) Dall, 1909 †) Dall, W. H. (1909). Contributions to the Tertiary Palaeontology of the Pacific coast. The Miocene of Astoria and Coos Bay, Oregon. <em>Professional Papers, United States Geological Survey.</em> 59: 1-278., available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0059/report.pdf
page(s): 62 [details]
original description (of Bezoardica Schumacher, 1817) Schumacher, C. F. (1817). Essai d'un nouveau système des habitations des vers testacés. <em>Schultz, Copenghagen.</em> iv + 288 pp., 22 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81329 [details]
original description (of Bezoardicella T. Habe, 1961) Habe, T. (1961). <i>Coloured illustrations of the shells of Japan</i> (II). Hoikusha, Osaka. xii + 183 + 42 pp., 66 pls. xii + 183 + 42 pp., 66 pl.
page(s): 43. [details]
basis of record Abbott, R. T. (1968). The helmet shells of the world (Cassidae), Part 1. <em>Indo-Pacific Mollusca.</em> 2 (9): 7-201., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49823850 [details]
Other
additional source
Beu, A. G. (2008). Recent deep-water Cassidae of the world. A revision of Galeodea, Oocorys, Sconsia, Echinophoria and related taxa, with new genera and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). In: Héros, V. et al. (eds) Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos, vol. 25. <em>Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.</em> 196: 269-387. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors 
[request]
additional source Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p. [details]
[request]additional source Kreipl K. 1997. Recent Cassidae. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 151 p. [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy Abbott (1968) held a very comprehensive concept of the genus Phalium, to include all the species of the subfamily Phaliinae except those included in Casmaria H.& A. Adams, 1853. Current authors (Alf, 1997; Beu, 2008) would include in Phalium only those species which have varixes all along the spire and have spines around the outer edge of the terminal varix as in Casmaria. Species with predominantly spiral sculpture and with only a terminal varix without spines are currently classified in Semicassis Mörch, 1852 but often cited under Phalium[details]
