WoRMS

Paulsen, O. (1904). Plankton investigations in the waters round Iceland in 1903. (With 2 maps). Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser, Serie: Plankton, København. 1: 1-40. [details]

Type data

Type locality contained in Iceland

type locality contained in Iceland [details]

Descriptive notes

LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:47212

LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:47212 [details]

Taxonomic citation

Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2022). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Balech & Tangen, 1985. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=109712 on 2022-07-06

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

Brandt, Sue

2006-07-27 06:59:07Z

changed

Camba Reu, Cibran

2008-09-04 09:44:46Z

changed

Decock, Wim

2010-01-15 07:09:15Z

changed

Guiry, Michael D.

2010-10-27 09:50:34Z

changed

Fraga, Santiago

2015-06-26 12:00:51Z

changed

Guiry, Michael D.

Licensing

Copyright notice: the information originating from AlgaeBase may not be downloaded or replicated by any means, without the written permission of the copyright owner (generally AlgaeBase). Fair usage of data in scientific publications is permitted.

[taxonomic tree]

original description Paulsen, O. (1904). Plankton investigations in the waters round Iceland in 1903. (With 2 maps). Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Havundersøgelser, Serie: Plankton, København. 1: 1-40. [details]

original description (of Pyrodinium phoneus Woloszynskia & Conrad, 1939) Woloszynska, J.; Conrad, W. (1939). Pyrodinium phoneus, n. sp., agent de la toxicité des moules du canal maritime de Bruges à Zeebrugge [Pyrodinium phoneus, n. sp., toxic agent in mussels from the sea channel Brugge-Zeebrugge]. Bull. Mus. royal d'Hist. Nat. Belg./Med. Kon. Natuurhist. Mus. Belg. 15(46): 1-5 (look up in IMIS) [details]

original description (of Alexandrium peruvianum (Balech & Mendiola) Balech & Tangen, 1985) Balech, E.; Rojas, E. D. (1977). Un nuevo Gonyaulax productor de hemotalasia en Perú (Protozoa, Dinoflagellata). Neotropica. 23: 49-54. [details] Available for editors

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context source (Introduced species) Molnar, J. L.; Gamboa, R. L.; Revenga, C.; Spalding, M. D. (2008). Assessing the global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6(9): 485-492., available online at https://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/Marine/Pages/marineinvasives.aspx [details] Available for editors

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basis of record Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. Acta Bot. Croat. 64(1): 129-212. [details]

additional source MacKenzie L., White D., Oshima Y. & Kapa J. 1996. The resting cyst and toxicity of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) in New Zealand. Phycologia 35: 148-155. [details]

additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2022). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]

additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]

additional source Brandt, S. (2001). Dinoflagellates, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 47-53 (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Horner, R. A. (2002). A taxonomic guide to some common marine phytoplankton. Biopress Ltd. Bristol. 1-195. [details]

additional source Martin, J. L.; LeGresley, M. M. ; Strain, P. M. (2001). Phytoplankton monitoring in the Western Isles region of the Bay of Fundy during 1997-98. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2349. 4: 1-85. [details]

additional source Steidinger, K.A.; Tangen, K. (1997). Dinoflagellates. pp. 387-584. In: C.R. Tomas (ed.) (1997). Identifying Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126930184500057 [details]

additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]

additional source Chang, F.H.; Charleston, W.A.G.; McKenna, P.B.; Clowes, C.D.; Wilson, G.J.; Broady, P.A. (2012). Phylum Myzozoa: dinoflagellates, perkinsids, ellobiopsids, sporozoans, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2012). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 3. Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi. pp. 175-216. [details]

source of synonymy Kremp, A., Tahvanainen, P., Litaker, W., Krock, B., Suikkanen, S., Leaw, C. P. & Tomas, C. (2013). Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities. J Phycol 50:81-100. [details]

source of synonymy Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. Acta Bot. Croat. 64(1): 129-212. [details]

new combination reference Balech E.& Tangen K. 1985. Morphology and taxonomy of toxic species in the tamarensis group (Dinophyceae) Alexandrium excavatum (Braarud) comb. nov. and Alexandrium ostenfeldii(Paulsen) comb. nov. Sarsia 70: 333-343. [details] Available for editors

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toxicology source Hansen P.J., Cembella A.D. & Moestrup Ø. 1992. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii: paralytic shellfish toxin concentration, composition, and toxicity to a tintinnid ciliate. J. Phycol. 28: 597-603. [details]

toxicology source Cembella A.D., Lewis N.I. & Quilliam M.A. 2000. The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) as the causative organism of spirolide shellfish toxins. Phycologia 39: 67-74. [details]

ecology source Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 28(4): 418-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12853 [details] Available for editors

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Present

Inaccurate

Introduced: alien

Containing type locality

Definitions

From editor or global species database

LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:47212 [details]

From regional or thematic species database

Harmful effect It may produce paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins and spirolides (macrocyclic imines, neurotoxins) [details]

Introduced species impact in Scandinavia (General Region) : Human health [details]

Introduced species impact in Romanian part of the Black Sea : Human health [details]

From other sources

Diet general for group: both heterotrophic (eat other organisms) and autotrophic (photosynthetic) [details]

Habitat pelagic [details]

Importance General: known for producing dangerous toxins, particularly when in large numbers, called "red tides" because the cells are so abundant they make water change color. Also they can produce non-fatal or fatal amounts of toxins in predators (particularly shellfish) that may be eaten by humans. [details]

Predators marine microorganisms and animal larvae [details]

Reproduction general for group: both sexual and asexual [details]

Published in AlgaeBase