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Name

Tania Nara Bezerra, Nic Smol, Renata M. S. Alves, Ellen Pape. (2026). Review of Halalaimus (Nematoda, Enoplida, Oxystominidae) and description of two new species from the abyssal nodule-bearing Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Zookeys. 1284.187212.

SourceID

566502

Authors

Tania Nara Bezerra, Nic Smol, Renata M. S. Alves, Ellen Pape

Year

2026

Title

Review of Halalaimus (Nematoda, Enoplida, Oxystominidae) and description of two new species from the abyssal nodule-bearing Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Journal

Zookeys

Suffix

1284.187212.

Type

Publication

Full text

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Abstract

This review examines the geographical distribution, morphology, and taxonomy of the genus Halalaimus. It consolidates existing descriptions of the currently 102 valid species, resolves nomenclatural inconsistencies, and introduces two new species: Halalaimus marcosi sp. nov. and Halalaimus pierri sp. nov. Halalaimus marcosi sp. nov. is characterised by its large body, papilliform inner labial sensilla, outer labial setae shorter than cephalic setae spaced one head diameter apart, and a conic-filiform tail with the posterior two-thirds filiform. Halalaimus pierri sp. nov. is distinguished by its very strongly tapered anterior end, indistinct inner labial sensilla, and outer labial setae longer than the cephalic setae. Long-standing challenges in species-level identification, mainly due to incomplete descriptions and confused nomenclature, are addressed through a detailed reassessment that corrects duplicated names, assigns replacement names to misattributed species, and incorporates previously overlooked taxa. Halalaimus borealis Gagarin, 2020 is considered a junior homonym and is renamed H. gagarini nom. nov. This study provides interactive global distribution maps for all Halalaimus species, a table summarising species ranges and habitat information, and a table listing 36 morphometric and morphological traits per species. Updated identification keys are presented, including a new key for deep-sea species, offering a practical tool for nematode taxonomists and identifiers worldwide.

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Date

action

2026-07-03 22:41:52Z

created

Bezerra, Tânia Nara

2026-07-20 08:49:38Z

changed

Bezerra, Tânia Nara

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Holotype UGMD UGMD_104484, geounit Clarion Clipperton Zone, identified as Halalaimus marcosi Bezerra, Smol, Alves & Pape
Holotype UGMD UGMD_104489, geounit Clarion Clipperton Zone, identified as Halalaimus pierri Bezerra, Smol, Alves & Pape

New combination

for Halalaimus gagarini Bezerra, Smol, Alves & Pape, 2026

"Gagarin (2020) described a new species under the name Halalaimus borealis Gagarin, 2020, apparently overlooking ... [details]

Spelling

for Halalaimus papillifer Gerlach, 1956

H. papillifer (a valid species) is written on page 8 and Table 3 of Bezerra et al (2026) instead of H. ... [details]

Spelling

for Halalaimus parapapillifer Pastor de Ward, 1986

Misspelled in Bezerra et al (2026) page 8 and Table 3: written H. papillifer instead of H. parapapillifer. [details]

Status

for Halalaimus anulatus Wieser, 1960

"Gerlach and Riemann (1974) listed three species as nomina nuda: H. annulatus Wieser, 1960; H. sapeloi Wieser, 1964 ... [details]

Status

for Halalaimus borealis Gagarin, 2020

"Gagarin (2020) described a new species under the name Halalaimus borealis Gagarin, 2020, apparently overlooking ... [details]

Status

for Halalaimus cuthemon Blood et al., 1992

"Blood et al. (1992) listed three species H. sapeloi, listed by Wieser (1964) and regarded as nomen nudum by ... [details]

Status

for Halalaimus sapeloi Wieser, 1964

"Blood et al. (1992) listed three species H. sapeloi, listed by Wieser (1964) and regarded as nomen nudum by ... [details]

Status

for Halalaimus simiferus Wieser, 1960

"Gerlach and Riemann (1974) listed three species as nomina nuda: H. annulatus Wieser, 1960; H. sapeloi Wieser, 1964 ... [details]

Status

for Halalaimus sublatus Blood et al., 1992

"Blood et al. (1992) listed three species H. sapeloi, listed by Wieser (1964) and regarded as nomen nudum by ... [details]

Taxonomic remark

for Halalaimus ciliocaudatus Allgén, 1932

Male described by Gerlach, 1957 - Page 6 and 7. H. ciliocaudatus sensu Gerlach, 1957 a species ... [details]

Taxonomic remark

for Halalaimus gracilis de Man, 1888

"The following redescriptions: Allgén (1947) provides only a few measurements without information on the anterior ... [details]

Taxonomic remark

for Halalaimus isaitshikovi (Filipjev, 1927) Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935

"In the original description, H. isaitshikovi Filipjev, 1927 is unique in possessing a distinct protrusion of the ... [details]

Taxonomic remark

for Halalaimus longicaudatus (Filipjev, 1927) Schneider, 1939

"In the original description of H. longicaudatus Filipjev, 1927, the species is characterised by a small preanal ... [details]

Taxonomic remark

for Halalaimus setosus Timm, 1961

"H. setosus Timm, 1961: Pastor de Ward (1998) described this species with four cephalic setae instead of six, ... [details]

Taxonomic remark

for Halalaimus southerni Allgén, 1953

Specimen is incomplete and the description insufficient. [details]

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