WoRMS source details

Blake, James A.; Kudenov, Jerry D. (1978). The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from Southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria. 39: 171-280.
49390
Blake, James A.; Kudenov, Jerry D.
1978
The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from Southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera
Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
39: 171-280
Publication
World Polychaeta Database (WPolyDb)
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
The Spionidae of southeastern Australia are described. Intertidal and subtidal collections come mostly from Victoria, New South Wales and southern Queensland. A few records from West Australia, South Australia, Tasmania and the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland) are also included. A total of 68 species in 19 genera have been identified. These include 4 new genera and 43 new species, with new synonyms and generic emendations also proposed. The genera with pointed prostomia include Scolelepis (9 species, 8 being new), Aonides (1 species) and Dispio (1 new species). Australospio trifida gen. et. sp. nov. is a unique spionid with both a distally pointed prostomium and lateral prostomial horns. The genera with frontal or lateral prostomial horns include Malacoceros (3 species, 2 being new), Rhynchospio (2 new species) and Scolecolepides (1 new species). The definition of Rhynchospio is expanded to include those species with branchiae free from dorsal lamellae. Laonice includes 3 new species, with 1 being a simultaneous hermaphrodite. Spiophanes includes 3 species, Spio with 3 species (2 being new) and Microspio with 1 new species. The genera of the Prionospio-complex are reviewed and revised to include: Paraprionospio (1 species), Orthoprionospio gen. nov. (1 new species), Streblospio (not represented) and Prionospio (9 species, 5 being new). A generic revision of the Polydora-complex is presented with 6 genera recognized: Boccardia (3 species), Carazziella gen. nov. (4 new species), Polydora (15 species, 8 being new), Boccardiella gen. nov. (2 species, 1 being new), Tripolydora (not represented) and Pseudopolydora (5 species, 2 being new). Polydorella is synonymized with Pseudopolydora. Approximately 2/3 of the species reported herein are endemic to Australia; the remainder are species with more cosmopolitan distributions.
Australia
Systematics, Taxonomy
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Australospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Australospio trifida Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Boccardia (Boccardia) magniovata Read, 1975 accepted as Boccardiella magniovata (Read, 1975) (new combination reference)
Boccardia hamata (Webster, 1879) accepted as Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Boccardia ligerica Ferronnière, 1898 accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (new combination reference)
Boccardia limnicola Blake & Woodwick, 1976 accepted as Boccardiella limnicola (Blake & Woodwick, 1976) (new combination reference)
Boccardia magniovata Read, 1975 accepted as Boccardiella magniovata (Read, 1975) (new combination reference)
Boccardia truncata Hartman, 1936 accepted as Boccardiella truncata (Hartman, 1936) (new combination reference)
Boccardia uncata Berkeley, 1927 accepted as Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (new combination reference)
Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Boccardiella bihamata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (basis of record)
Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (new combination reference)
Boccardiella limnicola (Blake & Woodwick, 1976) (basis of record)
Boccardiella truncata (Hartman, 1936) (basis of record)
Carazziella Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Carazziella citrona (Hartman, 1941) (new combination reference)
Carazziella hirsutiseta Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Carazziella hymenobranchiata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Carazziella phillipensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Carazziella quadricirrata (Rainer, 1973) (basis of record)
Carazziella reishi (Woodwick, 1964) (new combination reference)
Carazziella victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Dispio glabrilamellata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Laonice bassensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Laonice hermaphroditica Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Laonice quadridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Laonice brevicornis (Kinberg, 1866) (original description)
Malacoceros (Rhynchospio) accepted as Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936 (status source)
Malacoceros (Rhynchospio) inflatus Foster, 1971 accepted as Rhynchospio inflata (Foster, 1971) (source of synonymy)
Malacoceros reductus Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Malacoceros tripartitus Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Microspio granulata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Microspio microcera (Dorsey, 1977) (basis of record)
Orthoprionospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Orthoprionospio cirriformia Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Paraboccardia Rainer, 1973 accepted as Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (source of synonymy)
Paraboccardia syrtis Rainer, 1973 accepted as Boccardia syrtis (Rainer, 1973) (new combination reference)
Polydora (Boccardia) uncata (Berkeley, 1927) accepted as Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (status source)
Polydora aciculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora aciculata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Polydora citrona Hartman, 1941 accepted as Carazziella citrona (Hartman, 1941) (new combination reference)
Polydora dorsomaculata Rainer, 1973 accepted as Dipolydora flava (Claparède, 1870) (source of synonymy)
Polydora flava Claparède, 1870 accepted as Dipolydora flava (Claparède, 1870) (additional source)
Polydora hamata Webster, 1879 accepted as Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Polydora hamata Langerhans, 1880 accepted as Polydora posthamata Jones, 1962 (source of synonymy)
Polydora haswelli Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Polydora latispinosa Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Polydora monilaris Ehlers, 1904 accepted as Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) (status source)
Polydora notialis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora notialis (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Polydora pilocollaris Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora pilocollaris (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Polydora protuberata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora protuberata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Polydora quadricirrata Rainer, 1973 accepted as Carazziella quadricirrata (Rainer, 1973) (new combination reference)
Polydora tentaculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora tentaculata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Polydora truncata (Hartman, 1936) accepted as Boccardiella truncata (Hartman, 1936) (new combination reference)
Polydora uncatiformis Monro, 1938 accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (source of synonymy)
Polydora woodwicki Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Prionospio (Aquilaspio) multipinnulata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Prionospio multipinnulata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Prionospio (Prionospio) australiensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Prionospio australiensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Prionospio (Prionospio) paucipinnulata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Prionospio paucipinnulata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Prionospio (Prionospio) queenslandica Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Prionospio queenslandica Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Prionospio (Prionospio) tridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Prionospio tridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Prionospio aucklandica Augener, 1923 (taxonomy source)
Pseudopolydora glandulosa Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Pseudopolydora prolifera (Augener, 1914) accepted as Polydorella prolifera Augener, 1914 (redescription)
Pseudopolydora stolonifera Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Polydorella stolonifera (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (original description)
Rhynchospio australiana Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Rhynchospio glycera Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Rhynchospio inflata (Foster, 1971) (new combination reference)
Rhynchospio microcera Dorsey, 1977 accepted as Microspio microcera (Dorsey, 1977) (source of synonymy)
Scolecolepides aciculatus Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis carunculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis lamellicincta Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis occipitalis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis phyllobranchia Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis precirriseta Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis towra Blake & Kudenov, 1978 represented as Scolelepis (Parascolelepis) towra Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Scolelepis viridis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Spio pacifica Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Spio blakei Maciolek, 1990 (original description)
Spio singularis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 (original description)
Kurnell, Botany Bay for Spio blakei Maciolek, 1990 
Holotype NMV F 42855, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype NMV F 42857, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42858, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella phillipensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42859, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella phillipensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42860, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella phillipensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42861, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella phillipensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42862, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella hymenobranchiata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42863, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella hymenobranchiata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42864, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella hymenobranchiata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42865, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Carazziella hymenobranchiata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42866, geounit Towra Point, identified as Carazziella hirsutiseta Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42867-42869, geounit Towra Point, identified as Carazziella hirsutiseta Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype NMV F 42891, geounit Western Port Bay, identified as Scolecolepides aciculatus Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42912, geounit Western Port Bay, identified as Scolelepis victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42914, geounit Great Barrier Reef, identified as Scolelepis viridis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42916, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Malacoceros tripartitus Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype MV F 42917, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Malacoceros tripartitus Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42982, geounit New South Wales, identified as Scolelepis towra Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV F 42983, geounit Moreton Bay, identified as Scolelepis phyllobranchia Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Nontype NMV F 43115, geounit Western Port Bay, identified as Carazziella victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Nontype NMV F 43120, geounit Victoria (Australian state), identified as Carazziella victoriensis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Nontype MV F42844, geounit Towra Point, identified as Prionospio (Prionospio) tridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Nontype MV F42845, geounit Towra Point, identified as Prionospio (Prionospio) tridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype NMV F42947, verbatimGeounit New South Wales, Bot..., identified as Microspio granulata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype NMV F42950, verbatimGeounit New South Wales, Bot..., identified as Microspio granulata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV G102, geounit Western Port Bay, identified as Scolelepis lamellicincta Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype NMV G2901, geounit Australia, identified as Australospio trifida Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype NMV G2904, geounit Australia, identified as Australospio trifida Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype MV G2992, geounit Western Port Bay, identified as Scolelepis carunculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Nontype NMV G2998, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Australospio trifida Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Nontype NMV G2999, geounit Port Phillip Bay, identified as Scolecolepides aciculatus Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype AM W.13047, geounit Brisbane, identified as Scolelepis precirriseta Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype AM W.13048, geounit New South Wales, identified as Dispio glabrilamellata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype AM W.13052, geounit Brisbane, identified as Scolelepis precirriseta Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype AM W5006, geounit Australia, identified as Australospio trifida Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype AM W8829, geounit New South Wales, identified as Prionospio (Prionospio) tridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Paratype AM W8900, geounit New South Wales, identified as Prionospio (Prionospio) tridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978
Holotype AM W8910, geounit New South Wales, identified as Scolelepis occipitalis Blake & Kudenov, 1978
 Classification

Rhynchospio was regarded as a subgenus of Malacoceros by Pettibone (1963), but as a valid genus by Blake & Kudenov ... [details]

 Depth range

Not stated, but probably intertidal to shallow subtidal water.  [details]

 Depth range

Intertidal to 22 m.  [details]

 Depth range

Intertidal to subtidal (about 10 m). [details]

 Depth range

Shallow subtidal, 0.5-7 m depth. [details]

 Depth range

Shallow water to about 58 m. [details]

 Depth range

Nit stated. Probably shallow water.  [details]

 Depth range

Intertidal to shallow subtidal. [details]

 Depth range

Intertidal to subtidal. [details]

 Depth range

Not stated. Probably shallow water. [details]

 Depth range

5-11 m. Not stated in original description, depth range based on other sources. [details]

 Diagnosis

Original diagnosis by Blake & Kudenov (1978: 193): Prostomium with both anterior pointed projection and sub-distal ... [details]

 Diagnosis

Original diagnosis by Blake & Kudenov (1978: 264): "Prostomium anteriorly entire or incised, extending posteriorly ... [details]

 Diagnosis

Original diagnosis by Blake & Kudenov (1978: 240): ''Prostomium rounded or incised, extending posteriorly as a ... [details]

 Distribution

Australia: New South Wales; Victoria.  [details]

 Distribution

Australia (Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland).  [details]

 Distribution

Australia: New South Wales (Botany Bay; Merimbula; Port Hacking). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Victoria (Port Phillip Bay). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Victoria (Port Phillip Bay). [details]

 Distribution

Australia (Victoria).  [details]

 Distribution

Australia: New South Wales; Queensland; Victoria. [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Port Phillip Bay (Victoria). [details]

 Distribution

Pacific Ocean: New South Wales (Australia); Ryukyu Islands (Japan). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Western Port Bay, and Port Phillip Bay (Victoria).  [details]

 Distribution

Australia: New South Wales; Queensland; Victoria; West Australia. [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Queensland; South Australia; Tasmania (Macquarie Island); Victoria. [details]

 Distribution

Australia: New South Wales (Burwood Beach and Belmont Beach). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Moreton Bay (Queensland). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Queensland (Brisbane; Deception Bay); New South Wales (Wallis Lake). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: New South Wales (Botany Bay); Victoria. [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Victoria (Westernport). [details]

 Distribution

Australia: Opal Reef (Great Barrier Reef, Queensland). [details]

 Etymology

Australospio is composed by the name of the type genus of the family Spionidae, Spio Fabricius, 1785, preceded by ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet trifida is the feminine of the Latin adjective trifidus, meaning 'cleft into ... [details]

 Etymology

The name Boccardiella is composed by the name of the genus Boccardia Carazzi, 1893, followed by the Latin suffix ... [details]

 Etymology

The genus Carazziella is named in honour of Davide Carazzi (b. San Bonifacio, Verona, 27 January 1858 - d. Firenze, ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated in the original description. The specific epithet hirsutiseta is composed by the prefix of Latin origin ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated by the author. The specific epithet hymenobranchiata is composed by the prefix of Greek origin hymeno-, ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated by the author. The specific epithet phillipensis refers obviously to the type locality of the species, ... [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet victoriensis refers to the type locality of the species, the Victoria State (Australia).  [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet glabrilamellata is composed by the Latin prefix glabri-, meaning 'smooth', and the Latin ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet tripartitus (feminine: tripartita) is a Latin adjective meaning 'threefold' or ... [details]

 Etymology

The specific epithet tridentata (masculine: tridentatus) is a Latin adjective meaning 'tridentate' or 'having three ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet aciculatus is a Latin adjective meaning 'aciculate' of 'having acicula', and ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet carunculata (masculine: carunculatus) is a Latin adjective meaning 'having a ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet lamellicincta is a New Latin word composed by Latin prefix lamelli-, meaning 'thin ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet occipitalis is the Latin noun for 'occipital', and presumably refers to the ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet phyllobranchia is composed by the Greek combining form phyllo-, meaning 'leaf', ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet precirriseta is composed by the Latin prefix pre-, meaning 'before', the Latin ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet towra refers to the type locality of the species, Towra Beach (Botany Bay, SW, ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet victoriensis refers to the type locality of the species, the Australian state of ... [details]

 Etymology

Not stated. The specific epithet viridis is a Latin adjective meaning 'green', and refers to the colour in life of ... [details]

 Grammatical gender

Feminine. [details]

 Habitat

In mud, Zostera and Posidonia beds, at shallow water.  [details]

 Habitat

Sand, at subtidal depths. [details]

 Habitat

Sand, and mixtures of sand, silt and clay, between 8-22 m. [details]

 Habitat

Sand, intertidal to subtidal depths.  [details]

 Habitat

Not stated. Probably sandy sediments. [details]

 Habitat

In sand on rock platforms, probably at shallow water. Near sewage outfalls, so it may tolerate low salinities.  [details]

 Habitat

Mangroves and sand flats. [details]

 Habitat

Not stated. Probably sandy sediments. [details]

 Habitat

Not stated. Probably shallow sand banks. [details]

 Habitat

Coarse gravel, silty sand, and Zostera beds, in subtidal to shallow depths. [details]

 Habitat

Associated with Posidonia, probably in shallow water. [details]

 Habitat

Coral sand under boulder on reef flats, 2 m depth. [details]

 Taxonomy

Moved to different genus (Carazziella). [details]

 Taxonomy

Synonymised by Blake & Kudenov, 1978, without comment or examination of material. Rainer was aware of the similarity. [details]

 Type locality

Australia, New South Wales, Botany Bay, Towra Beach (geocoordinates not provided, estimated with gazetteer to be ... [details]

 Type locality

Towra Point, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia, South Pacific Ocean (gazetteer estimate -34.017°, 151.161°). [details]

 Type locality

Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia (-38.1°, 144.88°). [details]

 Type locality

Eastern side of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia (-38. 2333°, 145.0°), 19 m, sand. [details]

 Type locality

Australia, Victoria, Port Phillip Bay, Geelong arm (geocoordinates from NMV online database: -38.0783º, long. ... [details]

 Type locality

McMasters Beach, New South Wales, Australia (gazetteer estimate -33.493, 151.43).  [details]

 Type locality

Outfall of the Werribee Sewage-Treatment Farm (145W drain), Little River, Werribee, Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, ... [details]

 Type locality

Burwood Beach, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (gazetteer estimate 32º57'31''S, 151º44'43''E). [details]

 Type locality

Australia, Victoria, Western Port Bay, Flinders (geocoordinates not provided, estimated with gazetteer to be ... [details]

 Type locality

Shoreham, Western Port, Victoria, Australia (gazetteer estimate -38.431º, 145.052º). [details]

 Type locality

Point Leo, Western Port, Victoria, Australia (gazetteer estimate -38.421º, 145.079º). [details]

 Type locality

Burwood Beach, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (32º57'31''S, 151º44'43''E), 26 m. [details]

 Type locality

Middle Banks, Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia (gazetteer estimate -27.211º, 153.313º). [details]

 Type locality

Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (gazetteer estimate -27.37º, 153.16º), 14-25 m. [details]

 Type locality

Towra Beach, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia (gazetteer estimate -33.98º, 151.15º), associated with Posidonia[details]

 Type locality

Westernport, Victoria, Australia (gazetteer estimate -38.25º, 145.28º). [details]

 Type locality

Opal Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia (gazetteer estimate -16.22º, 145.88º), subtidal, 2 m, in ... [details]

 Type locality

Same as the name it replaces, Spio pacifica, the type locality of Spio blakei is Towra Point, near Kurnell, Botany ... [details]

 Type locality

Towra Point, near Kurnell, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia [details]