WoRMS taxon details
Nomenclatureoriginal description
Asbjörnsen, P.C. (1856). Beskrivelse over Kophobelemnon mülleri, en ny Söfjaersloegt. <em>Fauna littoralis Norvegiae.</em> 2: 81-85, plate 10., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41477057 [details]
original description
(of Bathyptilum Kölliker, 1872) Kölliker, A. von. (1872). Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien, Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 8: 85-275, plates 18-24., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26187018 page(s): 200 [details]
original description
(of Gunneria Danielssen & Koren, 1884) Danielssen, D.C.; Koren, J. (1884). Pennatulida. <em>Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876-1878. Zoologi.</em> 12: 1-84, plates 1-12. page(s): 58-61 [details] 
basis of record
Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Othercontext source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Williams, G. Pennatulacea checklist for ERMS2. [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Williams G.C. (1995). Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 113, pp. 93-140. page(s): 108-109 [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Kükenthal, W. (1915). Pennatularia. Das Tierreich. 43: 1-132., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/900948 page(s): 29 [details]
additional source
Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065 page(s): 302, 304, 306 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
López-González, P. J.; Williams, G. C. (2002). A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia : Pennatulacea : Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 16(6): 919-929., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/it01027 page(s): 920, 927 [details]
additional source
Williams, G.C. (1990). The Pennatulacea of southern Africa (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum.</em> 99:31-119., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40684114 page(s): 37, 39, 68, 110 [details]
additional source
Hickson, S.J. (1916). The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition with a general survey of the order. <em>Siboga Expeditie.</em> 14: 1-265, plates 1-10., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822010548360&view=1up&seq=7 page(s): 71-72 [details]
additional source
Kölliker, A. von. (1872). Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien, Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. <em>Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft.</em> 8: 85-275, plates 18-24., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26187018 page(s): 118-126 [details]
additional source
Williams, G. C. (1997). Preliminary assessment of the phylogeny of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), with a reevaluation of Ediacaran frond-like fossils, and a synopsis of the history of evolutionary thought regarding the sea pens. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 497-509 page(s): 497, 503 [details]
additional source
Belcik, F. P. (1977). A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 24(1-3): 49-52 page(s): 51 [details]
additional source
Orejas, C.; Gili, J.; López-González, P. J.; Hasemann, C.; Arntz, W. E. (2007). Reproduction patterns of four Antarctic octocorals in the Weddell Sea: an inter-specific, shape, and latitudinal comparison. Marine Biology, 150, 551-563 page(s): 560 [details]
additional source
Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29. page(s): 219-220 [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
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