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• Threats to the coastal zone
  ...nd pressures. It discusses generic modifications to coastal [[ecosystem]]s in relation to specific human activities and introduces the various threats re ...ated to be due for more than 80% to increasing sea surface temperature and sea level.
  27 KB (4,061 words) - 18:28, 21 February 2024
• Coastal pollution and impacts
  ...sequent economic effects and losses from marine pollution and degradations in marine environments: Implications from the literature. Marine Pollution Bul ...xtreme complexity of biogeochemical cycles, especially at the sea-land and sea-atmosphere interfaces.
  26 KB (3,841 words) - 16:44, 20 February 2024
• Endocrine disrupting compounds in the coastal environment
  ...onment''', particularly within the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea. ...uropean Parliament. Community Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters a range of substances suspected of interfering with the hormone systems of humans and wildlife''.
  13 KB (1,849 words) - 18:09, 3 August 2020
• Polyfluorinated compounds - a new class of global pollutants in the coastal environment
  ...c studies are performed on the PFC-contamination of coastal waters, marine mammals and the atmosphere with emphasis on the mechanisms of global transport and ...production, fire-fighting foams, cosmetics and cleaning agents as well as in numerous other industrial and consumer applications[[Image:Molecules_1.jpg|
  15 KB (2,151 words) - 13:08, 7 August 2020
• PCB
  ...tent]] and ubiquitous environmental contaminants which can be concentrated in [[food chain|food chains]]<ref>Lawrence E (ed.), 2000. Henderson’s Dictio ...e USA produced an estimated 0,54 billion kg of PCBs. They were widely used in transformers and capacitors, lubricants, [[flame retardant|fire retardants]
  5 KB (673 words) - 14:30, 9 August 2020
• Pollution and marine mammals
  '''<u>Main substances in marine mammals</u>''' ...hey are particularly sensitive towards [[bioaccumulation|bioaccumulating]] substances. Most studied are [[organochlorine pesticides]] (like [[DDT|DDTs]]), polych
  4 KB (582 words) - 18:43, 5 November 2019
• Pollution and sea birds
  ...they are particularly sensitive towards [[biomagnification|biomagnifying]] substances. The best known biomagnifying contaminants are [[organochlorine pesticides] ...Effects of organochlorine pesticides have also been detected in sea birds. In 1965, the population of the Dutch Sandwich Tern colony on the island of Gri
  4 KB (530 words) - 18:44, 5 November 2019
• Cadmium
  ...LC₅₀ (the concentration at which 50% of the test subjects die) toxic levels for copepods were above 0,34mg/l<ref name = t> Kennish, M. J. (1996) [[PCB and heavy metals in beached sperm whales]]<P>
  3 KB (435 words) - 14:04, 9 August 2020
• Pollution and pelagic fish
  ...fish will also experience problems from [[biomagnification|biomagnifying]] substances like [[methylmercury]] and [[organochlorine compounds]].<ref>↑ Kennish, M ..., the embryos and gametes remain quite vulnerable. <ref name = pub2>Fishes in Estuaries: M. Elliott, K.L. Hemingway (Eds.); Blackwell Science, Oxford, 63
  3 KB (459 words) - 16:33, 14 February 2024
• Lead
  ...decline of 50%, between 1981 and 1989, of the lead surface concentrations in the North Atlantic surface waters<ref name = ken>Kennish, M. J. (1996): Pra ...eas barnacles can accumulate up to 100 ppm (parts per million) and mussels in Norway have been shown to contain up to 3000 ppm of lead.
  4 KB (631 words) - 14:23, 9 August 2020
• Nonylphenol
  ...n and textiles. Estimated use in Western Europe in 1997 was 76.600 tonnes. In Europe their domestic use has been phased out since 1995, their industrial ...concentrations of 100 µg/l are lethal. In [[pollution and marine mammals|mammals]] and fishes they are also shown to cause [[endocrine disrupting compounds|
  4 KB (520 words) - 14:28, 9 August 2020
• Octylphenol
  ...ents a large number of isomeric compounds. The octyl group may be branched in a variety of ways or be a straight chain and may be located at either the 2 ...[[nonylphenol]] and that this may account to some extent for its detection in the environment<ref name = OECD>[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cp
  4 KB (534 words) - 14:28, 9 August 2020
• Dioxins
  ...CDFs congeners, can be created. These 210 different molecules are combined in the general term “dioxins”<ref name="Ospar">[http://www.ospar.org/docum ...g. [[copper]]. Formation of trace concentrations of dioxins may take place in any fire or
  6 KB (832 words) - 14:09, 9 August 2020
• Dicofol
  ...nsport, dicophol used in other continents might also end up in the [[North Sea]]. <ref name="Ospar">[http://www.ospar.org/documents%5Cdbase%5Cpublications ...ch as [[pollution and sea birds|birds]] and [[pollution and marine mammals|mammals]].
  3 KB (501 words) - 14:08, 9 August 2020
• Methoxychlor
  ...rmany and Belgium it continued until 1995 and 2000. It has been phased out in the European Union since 2003. ...ow water solubility (0,1 mg/l) and it [[adsorption|adsorbs]] to particles. In aerobe conditions it's not degradable, it is however under anaerobe conditi
  3 KB (368 words) - 14:25, 9 August 2020
• Trifluralin
  ...n are annually used in the EU. Trifluralin is presently authorised for use in Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and the United ...lication areas. Trifluralin is rather unstable in water. The [[half-life]] in a water sediment system is less than 15 days.<P>
  3 KB (460 words) - 14:38, 9 August 2020
• Diethylhexylphthalate
  ...ners, adhesives or solvents used by a variety of industries. They are used in PVC, paints, printing inks, cosmetics, coatings of cars,...<ref name = OECD ...es cause large amounts of DEHP to spread in the environment. DEHP is found in all environmental compartments, including remote areas. It mainly enters th
  4 KB (511 words) - 14:08, 9 August 2020
• Flucythrinate
  ...ide]] belonging to the group of pyrethroids. It is used to control insects in apples, cabbage, field corn, head lettuce, pears and cotton. Flucythrinate The use of this pesticide has been restricted in the US and banned in the European Union since 2003<ref>[http://www.panna.org/resources/caia/corp
  2 KB (310 words) - 14:14, 9 August 2020
• C10-13-cloroalkanes
  |definition=C_10-13-chloroalkanes are UVCB substances (Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition) with varying chlorine contents (up to a ...metal working fluids and for fat liquoring of leather has been prohibited in the EU since January 2004.
  5 KB (698 words) - 14:04, 9 August 2020
• Hexachlorobutadiene
  ...ow virtually ceased, although it is possible that HCBD may still be in use in some parts of the world. ...o Chlor Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region - North Sea Hexachlorobutadiene]</ref>.
  5 KB (691 words) - 14:17, 9 August 2020

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