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  • ...former case (Frank et al., 2005<ref name=F5>Frank, K.T., Petrie, B., Choi, J.S. and Leggett, W.C. 2005. Trophic Cascades in a Formerly Cod-Dominated Eco ...of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) due to predation-driven Allee effects. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 76: 168–184</ref>). Reduction of fishing pressure did
    6 KB (1,015 words) - 23:25, 27 December 2020
  • ...e dissolved material is ''almost'' the same in all cases". <ref>Wallace, W.J. 1974. The Development of the Chlorinity/Salinity Concept in Oceanography. ...ons<ref name=M8>Millero, F. J., Feistel, R., Wright, D.G. and McDougall, T.J. 2008. The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Refer
    25 KB (3,808 words) - 16:51, 28 December 2023
  • ...ly leaving for the open sea.<ref name="Dronkers">Dronkers J. and Zimmerman J.T.F. (1982). Some principles of mixing in tidal lagoons. Oceanologica Acta.
    812 bytes (117 words) - 17:37, 17 February 2024
  • ...ref name=C10> Carley, J.T., Shand, T.D., Coghlan, I.R., Blacka, M.J., Cox, J., Littman, A., Fitzgibbon, B., Mclean, G. and Watson, P. 2010. Beach scrapi ...the prey available to vertebrate predators, such as shorebirds<ref>Dugan, J.E., Hubbard, D.M., McCrary, M.D. and Pierson, M.O. 2003. The response of ma
    4 KB (601 words) - 21:53, 9 September 2023
  • |name=Job Dronkers|AuthorID=120| ...ctral airborne scanner data and a physically based processing scheme. Can. J. Remote Sensing, Vol. 30(1): 77–86 </ref>, that is developed by the Germa
    19 KB (2,865 words) - 13:10, 7 December 2023
  • |AuthorFullName4=Job Dronkers |AuthorName4=Dronkers J
    9 KB (1,432 words) - 21:41, 21 November 2023
  • ...urg RJ, Primavera JH, Kautsky N, Beveridge MCM, Clay J, Folke C, Lubchenko J, Mooney H, Troell M (2000): Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies; N ...urg RJ, Primavera JH, Kautsky N, Beveridge MCM, Clay J, Folke C, Lubchenko J, Mooney H, Troell M (2000): Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies; N
    46 KB (6,523 words) - 21:19, 21 August 2023
  • ...Bygvraa, D.A., Hoque, M.S., Klein, E.S., Kucukyildiz, C., Westwood-Booth, J. and Holliday, E. 2023. The human cost of global fishing. Marine Policy 148 ...ir original amounts<ref name="">Christensen, V., Guénette, S., Heymans, J.J. et al. 2003. Hundred-year decline of North Atlantic predatory fishes. Fish
    33 KB (4,853 words) - 13:29, 1 February 2024
  • ...from land use practices (Burkholder et al., 2005<ref name="B">Burkholder, J.M., Tomasko, D.A. & Touchette, B.W. (2007). Seagrasses and eutrophication. ...thfrisian region (Reise and Kohlus, 2008<ref name="RK">Reise, K. & Kohlus, J. (2008). Seagrass recovery in the Northern Wadden Sea? Helgoland Marine Res
    14 KB (2,227 words) - 21:36, 24 November 2020
  • ...ble declines in Europe and, to a lesser extent, in North America<ref>Bell, J., Watson, W. and Ye, Y. 2017. Global fishing capacity and fishing effort fr ...e, H.K., Micheli, F., Palumbi, S.R., Sala, E., Selkoe, K.A., Stachowicz, J.J. and Watson, R. 2006. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem servi
    14 KB (2,013 words) - 13:06, 6 March 2022
  • ...16>Krumhansl, K. A., Okamoto, D. K., Rassweiler, A., Novak, M., Bolton, J. J., Cavanaugh, K. C., et al. 2016. Global patterns of kelp forest change over ...nhibit kelp recruitment and prevent kelp forest restoration<ref>Veenhof, R.J., Dworjanyn, S.A., Champion, C. and Coleman, M.A. 2022. Grazing and Recover
    8 KB (1,235 words) - 18:37, 18 February 2024
  • ...coasts, at the head of sea lochs and rocky beaches (Doody 2008<ref>Doody, J.P. 2008. Saltmarsh Conservation, Management and Restoration''. Coastal Syst ...rshes. From Mcowen at al. 2017 <ref>Mcowen, C., Weatherdon, L.V., Bochove, J., Sullivan, E., Blyth, S., Zockler, C., Stanwell-Smith, D., Kingston, N., M
    28 KB (4,120 words) - 21:17, 24 April 2024
  • ...wer towards the poles (Roberts et al., 2009<ref> Roberts, J.M., Wheeler, A.J., Freiwald, A. and Cairns, S.D. 2009. Cold-water Corals: The Biology and Ge ...uth China Sea<ref>Ta, K., Song, X., Wei, Z., Du, M., Xu, H., Chen, S., Li, J., Liu, S. and Peng, X. 2024. Oasis of the deep: Cold-water corals of the So
    27 KB (4,098 words) - 22:25, 5 April 2024
  • ...17. Osmosis and thermodynamics explained by solute blocking. Eur. Biophys. J. 46: 59–64</ref>. Here, two compartments with a free surface are separate ==Related definitions<ref>Rivera-Ingraham, G.A. and Lignot, J-H. 2017. Osmoregulation, bioenergetics and oxidative stress in coastal mari
    7 KB (1,012 words) - 17:33, 27 April 2024
  • Levinton J.S. 2001. Marine biology: function, biodiversity, ecology. Oxford University |AuthorFullName2=Job Dronkers
    3 KB (499 words) - 12:30, 4 October 2021
  • ...in the case of wave-induced [[sheet flow]]<ref>Hassan, W.N. and Ribberink, J.S. 2005. Transport processes of uniform and mixed sands in oscillatory shee |AuthorFullName=Job Dronkers
    2 KB (333 words) - 17:56, 30 December 2023
  • |name=Job Dronkers ...hemisphere) <ref> Munk, W. H. 1950. On the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Met. 7, 79-93.</ref>. There are five major [[Gyre|gyres]]: the North Atlan
    17 KB (2,486 words) - 15:39, 3 May 2021
  • ...hanging insight and forecasts<ref>Mulargia, F., Visconti, G. and Geller, R.J. 2018. Scientific principles and public policy. Earth-Science Reviews 176: ...oker. After Cvitanovic et al. (2015<ref name=C15>Cvitanovic, C., Hobday, A.J., van Kerkhoff, L., Wilson, S.K., Dobbs, K. and Marshall, N.A. 2015. Improv
    24 KB (3,360 words) - 13:16, 2 February 2023
  • ...ira, R., Mueller, C., Paris, R., Parsons, T., Polet, J., Power, W., Selva, J., Sørensen, M.B. and Thio, H.K. 2017. Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysi ...higher<ref> Murty, T.S. 1977. Seismic sea waves. Tsunamis. In: Stevenson, J.C. (Ed.), Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol. 198</ref
    28 KB (4,414 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2024
  • ...otic and these are termed cryptogenic species (Carlton, 1996 <ref>Carlton, J.T. 1996. Biological invasions and cryptogenic species. Ecology 77(6): 1653- ...om the impacts of fish escapes (Atalah and Sanchez-Perez, 2020<ref>Atalah, J. and Sanchez-Perez, P. 2020. Global assessment of ecological risks associat
    27 KB (3,914 words) - 12:54, 21 February 2024
  • ...w study<ref>Bayraktarov, E., Saunders, M., Abdullah, S., Mills, M., Beher, J., Possingham, H.P., Mumby, P. and Lovelock, C.E. 2016. The cost and feasibi ...least expensive per hectare (in the range US$ 500 - 400,000 per ha<ref>Su, J., Friess, D.A. and Gasparatos, A. 2021. A meta-analysis of the ecological a
    23 KB (3,205 words) - 17:00, 2 March 2023
  • ...f name=K10>Knotters, M., Heuvelink, G.B.M., Hoogland, T. and Walvoort, D.J.J. 2010. A disposition of interpolation techniques. Wageningen, Statutory Res ...e distances <math>r_{ij} \equiv |\vec{x_i} - \vec{x_j}|</math> for <math>i,j=0,1, .., n</math>;
    23 KB (3,826 words) - 18:47, 12 February 2024
  • |name=Job Dronkers|AuthorID=120| ...C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., Chapin, T. and Rockstrom, J. 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transf
    27 KB (3,924 words) - 20:34, 18 September 2023
  • ...50 and in 2020. Adapted from Barragan et al. (2015) <ref name=BA>Barragan, J.M. and de Andres, M. 2015. Analysis and trends of the world's coastal citie ...fe <ref>Jonkman, S.N. and Vrijling, J.K. 2008. Loss of life due to floods. J Flood Risk Management 1: 43–56</ref> and damage to the buildings along th
    51 KB (7,528 words) - 12:22, 22 January 2024
  • ...hen the last individual has gone<ref name="carlton">Carlton, J.T., Geller, J.B., Reaka-Kudla, M.L. and Norse, E.A. 1999. Historical extinctions in the s ...der review by Dulvy et al. (2003<ref>Dulvy, N.K., Sadovy, Y. and Reynolds, J.D. 2003. Extinction vulnerability in marine populations. Fish and Fisheries
    25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:44, 23 February 2024
  • ...erous, S.; Holm, P.; Horton, T.; van Ierland, E.; Marboe, A.H.; Starkey, D.J.; Townsend, M.; Zarzycki, T. (2007). Identification, definition and quantif ...Tunved, P., Krejci, R., Ström, J., Jang, E., Kang, H.J., Jang, S., Park, J., Lee, B.Y., Traversi, R., Becagli, S. and Hermansen, O. 2021. Dimethyl sul
    4 KB (602 words) - 16:15, 12 September 2023
  • ...exceed a critical limit of about 15<sup>o</sup>C (Cloern, 2018<ref>Cloern, J.E. 2018. Why large cells dominate estuarine phytoplankton. Limnology and Oc ...e need to assign organisms as mixotrophs within plankton functional types. J. Plankton Res. 35: 3–11</ref>). For more details about the different plan
    42 KB (6,475 words) - 18:18, 12 February 2024
  • ...graphy.'' <ref name = "Sieburth"> Sieburth, J. Mn., Smetacek, V. and Lenz, J. 1978. Pelagic ecosystem structure: Heterotrophic compartments of the plank ...(2—20 μm), and micro-phytoplankton (20—200 μm) <ref name=K21>Kämpf, J., Newman, M., Doubell, M., Möller, L., Baring, R., Shute, A. and Redondo R
    34 KB (5,059 words) - 17:27, 25 April 2024
  • |AuthorFullName=Job Dronkers |AuthorName=Dronkers J}}
    3 KB (497 words) - 13:56, 13 February 2024
  • |AuthorFullName=Job Dronkers |AuthorName=Dronkers J}}
    3 KB (521 words) - 13:57, 13 February 2024
  • ...l, K. 2019. Additives for Efficient Biodegradable Antifouling Paints. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 361</ref>. |AuthorFullName=Job Dronkers
    1 KB (154 words) - 17:54, 25 February 2022
  • ...., Airoldi, L., Carranza, A., Coen, L.D., Crawford, C., Defeo, O., Edar, G.J., Hancock, B., Kay, M.C., Lenihan, H.S., Luckenbach, M.W., Toropova, C.L., ...J., Bushek, D., Sparks, E.L., Temple, N.A., Moody, J., Angstadt, K., Goff, J., Boswell, M., Sacks, P. and Swearer, S.E. 2021. Large-scale variation in w
    8 KB (1,247 words) - 19:38, 31 March 2024
  • ...le leading to additional income for local inhabitants<ref> Angula-Valdés, J., Hatcher, B. (2010). A new typology of benefits derived from marine protec |name=Job Dronkers|AuthorID=120|
    20 KB (2,790 words) - 11:10, 25 September 2021
  • |name=Job Dronkers|AuthorID=120| ...A., Estefen, S., Huckerby, J., Musial, W., Pontes, T. and Torres-Martinez, J. 2011. Ocean Energy. In IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and
    59 KB (9,224 words) - 22:47, 3 December 2023
  • |name=Job Dronkers|AuthorID=120| ...as been submerged in the natural environment (Bohnsack, 1989<ref>Bohnsack, J.A., 1989. Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of ha
    41 KB (6,487 words) - 22:37, 2 July 2022
  • ...reem, I., Hutton, E. W., Hannon, M. T., Brakenridge, G. R. and Nicholls R. J. 2009. Sinking deltas due to human activities. Nature Geoscience 2: 681-68 ...e seawater wedge into a shallow confined aquifer is given by <ref>Van Dam, J.C. 1983. The shape and position of the salt water wedge in coastal aquifers
    42 KB (6,275 words) - 21:00, 30 March 2023
  • ...ence 198: 138--144</ref>). Stewart and Joy (1974<ref>Stewart, R.H and Joy, J.W. 1974. HF radar measurement of surface current. Deep-Sea Res. 21: 1039– ...del by Vogelzang et al. (1997<ref>Vogelzang, J., Wensink, G.J., Calkoen, C.J. and Van der Kooij, M.W.E. 1997. Mapping submarine sandwaves with multi-ban
    36 KB (5,694 words) - 16:25, 28 January 2024
  • ...er <ref name=GM22>García-Maribona, J., Lara, J.L., Maza, M. and Losada, I.J. 2022. Analysis of the mechanics of breaker bar generation in cross-shore b ...urther, D., Caceres, I., O'Donoghue, T., Hulscher, S.J.M.H. and Ribberink, J.S. 2017. Bedload and suspended load contributions to breaker bar morphodyn
    24 KB (3,613 words) - 17:34, 14 November 2023
  • ...0</ref>; Bryant et al., 2019<ref>Bryant, D.B., Anderson-Bryant, M., Sharp, J.A., Bell, G.L. and Moore, C. 2019. The response of vegetated dunes to wave ...nott et al., 2018<ref name=DA> Davidson-Arnott, R., Hesp, P.A., Ollerhead, J., Walker, I., Bauer, B., Delgado-Fernandez, I. and Smyth, T.A.G. 2018. Sedi
    76 KB (10,699 words) - 12:24, 15 November 2023
  • ...ibbs, M., Hipsey, M., Huang, J., Lam-Gordillo, O., Simpson, S.L., Tyler, J.J., Waycott, M. and Welsh, D.T. 2023. Extreme eutrophication and salinisation ...W., Bouwman, A. F., Van Beek, L. P. H., Mogollón, J. M. and Middelburg, J.J. 2015. Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the twen
    12 KB (1,760 words) - 15:05, 4 August 2023
  • |Sediment supply from soft cliffs <br> © A. J. Chadwick |colspan="2"|all pictures: © A. J. Chadwick
    40 KB (6,109 words) - 17:19, 24 February 2023
  • ...errera, I., Moreno-Ostos, E., Dolores Belando, M., Ruiz, J.M. and Mercado, J.M. 2023. Phytoplankton dynamics in the Mar Menor, a Mediterranean coastal l ...A., Parry, G.D., Eriksen, E., Quiñones, J., Acha, M., Harvey, M., Arthur, J.M. and Graham W.M. 2013. Recurrent jellyfish blooms are a consequence of gl
    19 KB (2,819 words) - 11:05, 20 February 2024
  • This article is largely based on Ducrotoy, J-P. 2010. Ecological restoration of tidal estuaries in North Western ...Wilson JA, Bellwood DR, Crona B, Folke C, Gunderson LH, Leslie HM, Norberg J, Nyström M, Olsson P, Osterblom H, Scheffer M, Worm B (2006) Ecology—Glo
    36 KB (5,283 words) - 14:03, 2 March 2023
  • ...wide application. Van der Meer, J.W., Allsop, N.W.H., Bruce, T., De Rouck, J., Kortenhaus, A., Pullen, T., Schüttrumpf, H., Troch, P. and Zanuttigh, B. ...2022<ref>Eldrup, M.R., Andersen, T.L., Van Doorslaer, K. and Van der Meer, J. 2022. Improved guidance on roughness and crest width in overtopping of rub
    7 KB (1,059 words) - 17:19, 24 January 2024
  • ...hore sandbars]] to the beach<ref>Brodie, K.L., Palmsten, M.L. and Spore, N.J. 2017. Coastal foredune evolution, Part 1: environmental factors and forcin ...gradation<ref>Aagaard, T., Davidson-Arnott, R., Greenwood, B. and Nielsen, J. 2004. Sediment supply from shoreface to dunes: Linking sediment transport
    21 KB (3,125 words) - 23:07, 24 February 2023
  • ...Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou ...tocker, T.F., Qin, D., Dokken, D., Ebi, K.L., Mastrandrea, M. D., Mach, K. J., Plattner, G.-K., Allen, S. K., Tignor, M. and P. M. Midgley (eds.). Cambr
    30 KB (4,609 words) - 12:46, 15 November 2023
  • ...ents and its applications to conduction and excitation in nerve membranes. J. Physiol. (London) 117: 500-544</ref> performed pioneering experimental stu <math>Y \equiv y_m = f(z_m) , \quad z_m = w_{m0} +\sum_{j=1}^{n_1} w_{mj} y_j , \quad y_j = f (z_j), \quad z_j = w_{j0} +\sum_{i=1}^
    29 KB (4,514 words) - 16:02, 21 September 2023
  • ...e on Estuarine and Coastal Science Vol. 3, eds. Flemming, B.W. and Hansom, J.D., Elsevier, p. 171-192</ref>== ...ultural Systems of Coastlines''. Academic Press, London.</ref>. Copyright: J. Pat Doody|frame]]
    11 KB (1,732 words) - 17:10, 24 June 2022
  • ...determined by the presence of predators or competing species<ref> Connell, J. H. 1961. The influence of intra-specific competition and other factors on ...on to marine biology. Harcourt Brace & Company. p.378</ref> <ref>Levinton J.S. 1995. Marine biology: function, biodiversity, ecology. Oxford university
    23 KB (3,539 words) - 22:36, 14 March 2021
  • ...e j</math>, we have <math>E[X(i)X(j)] \approx 0 \;</math> for <math>i \ne j</math> and <math>E[X(i)^2] \approx \overline{X^2} \;</math> is the average ...>E[(\sum_{i=0}^N X (i))^2] \; = \; E[\sum_{i=0}^N X (i) \; \sum_{j=0}^N X (j)] \; \approx \; \sum_{i=0}^N E[X (i)^2] \; \approx \; \tau \; \overline{X^2
    48 KB (7,481 words) - 15:07, 2 July 2023

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