Difference between revisions of "Coastal observation systems"

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(Transectional and stationary in situ observations)
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===Transectional and stationary in situ observations===  
 
===Transectional and stationary in situ observations===  
 
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The FerryBox is an automated measuring system mounted on ‘ships of opportunity’ or on shore-based installations (see diagram of a FerryBox and picture of commercial available FB).
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The [[FerryBox - Continuous and automatic water quality observations along transects|FerryBox]] is an automated measuring system used for the measurement of physical and biogeochemical parameters in surface waters. It is mounted on ‘[[Ships_of_opportunity_and_ferries_as_instrument_carriers|ships of opportunity]]’, such as ferries or container ships, on their regular routes across the North Sea or on shore-based installations (Helgoland Island, Cuxhaven, and FINO3). Water is pumped from a subsurface inlet into the measuring circuit of multiple sensors (see Diagram)). An important feature is the regular automated cleaning and antifouling procedure of the box. All processes can be controlled remotely via the telemetry line from land. Data are transmitted and made available after each transect via the Internet. Due to the automated biogeochemical instrumentation of the FerryBoxes the regular transects give detailed insights into the processes and are a main source for data assimilation into models.
 
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[[Image:Diagram_of_a_FerryBox.jpg|center|550px]]
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|[[Image:Diagram_of_a_FerryBox.jpg|center|550px]]
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|valign="top"| [[Image:Ferry_Box_(open_system).jpg|187px]]
 
|valign="top"| [[Image:Ferry_Box_(open_system).jpg|187px]]
 
|valign="top"| [[Image:Ferry_Box_(closed_system).jpg|300px|]]
 
|valign="top"| [[Image:Ferry_Box_(closed_system).jpg|300px|]]
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|colspan="2"|pictures of commercial available FerryBoxes
 
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|valign="top"|Ferry Box (open system)
 
|valign="top"|Ferry Box (open system)
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Water quality data of surface waters on 3 ship routes in a high frequency (daily, 2-daily, weekly - depending on route). Due to some long-distance routes to England and Norway these data are the link between the German Bight and the North Sea.

Revision as of 11:18, 30 August 2012

The need for observations

There are a series of objectives why we need to have observational data: to control the outcome of (governmental) monitoring programmes, the obtain data for modelling exercises and to enable scientific analyses of field data to improve our understanding of the marine environment, e.g. to enable assessments of the environmental quality and long term changes.
To observe our marine environment several options are nowadays available: FerryBoxes, Poles in shallow waters like the Wadden Sea, Gliders, regular ship cruises for vertical resolution of parameters, wave rider buoys, shore based radar like HF and XF, and remote sensing from satellites. A combination of different approaches enables coverage on different time and spatial scales. Several of these observational techniques will be presented through examples of actual measurements. Examples are taken from the COSYNA integrated observation system developed by HZG together with other German research institutes during the last years.


FerryBox

Transectional and stationary in situ observations

The FerryBox is an automated measuring system used for the measurement of physical and biogeochemical parameters in surface waters. It is mounted on ‘ships of opportunity’, such as ferries or container ships, on their regular routes across the North Sea or on shore-based installations (Helgoland Island, Cuxhaven, and FINO3). Water is pumped from a subsurface inlet into the measuring circuit of multiple sensors (see Diagram)). An important feature is the regular automated cleaning and antifouling procedure of the box. All processes can be controlled remotely via the telemetry line from land. Data are transmitted and made available after each transect via the Internet. Due to the automated biogeochemical instrumentation of the FerryBoxes the regular transects give detailed insights into the processes and are a main source for data assimilation into models.


Diagram of a FerryBox.jpg
diagram of a FerryBox


Parameters measured are a.o. water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll-a-fluorescence. Water samples for further lab analysis are taken. On some routes measured additionally are: Algal classes and nutrients (ammonia, nitrite/nitrate, o-phosphate, silicate). In the near future sensors for pCO2, alkalinity, a flow-cytometer and an instrument to measure geneprobes to detect specific species can be installed in some FerryBoxes.


Ferry Box (open system).jpg Ferry Box (closed system).jpg
pictures of commercial available FerryBoxes
Ferry Box (open system) Ferry Box (closed system)


Water quality data of surface waters on 3 ship routes in a high frequency (daily, 2-daily, weekly - depending on route). Due to some long-distance routes to England and Norway these data are the link between the German Bight and the North Sea.