Toxocidaris A. Agassiz, 1863 
AphiaID: 565604

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Echinodermata (Phylum) > Echinozoa (Subphylum) > Echinoidea (Class) > Euechinoidea (Subclass) > Carinacea (Infraclass) > Echinacea (Superorder) > Camarodonta (Order) > Echinidea (Infraorder) > Odontophora (Superfamily) > Echinometridae (Family) > Toxocidaris (Genus)

Status		unaccepted (subjective junior synonym)
Accepted name		Heliocidaris L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846
Rank		Genus
Parent		Echinometridae Gray, 1855
Sources		original description Agassiz, A. (1863). List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 1: 17-28. page(s): 22 [details] [full text] status source Mortensen, T. (1943). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidæ, Strongylocentrotidæ, Parasaleniidæ, Echinometridæ. 446 pp., C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen. page(s): 335 [details]
Direct child taxa (26) [show all] [sort alpha..]		Species Toxocidaris agulhensis (Döderlein, 1905) accepted as Polyechinus agulhensis (Döderlein, 1905) (transferred to Polyechinus) Species Toxocidaris armiger (A. Agassiz, 1872) accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma armigera (A. Agassiz, 1872) (transferred to Heliocidaris) Species Toxocidaris armigera (A. Agassiz, 1872) accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma armigera (A. Agassiz, 1872) (transferred to Heliocidaris) Species Toxocidaris bullata (Bell, 1881) accepted as Loxechinus albus (Molina, 1782) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris crassispina A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) (transferred to Heliocdars) Species Toxocidaris depressa A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Pseudocentrotus depressus (A. Agassiz, 1864) (transferred to Pseudocentrotus) Species Toxocidaris echinoides (A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907) accepted as Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1872) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris erythrogramma (Valenciennes, 1846) accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma (Valenciennes, 1846) (transferred to Heliocidaris) Species Toxocidaris fragilis (Jackson, 1912) accepted as Strongylocentrotus fragilis Jackson, 1912 (unaccepted combination) Species Toxocidaris franciscana A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Mesocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz, 1863) (transferred to Mesocentrotus) Species Toxocidaris franciscanus A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Toxocidaris franciscana A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Mesocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz, 1863) (incorrect declination of species name) Species Toxocidaris gaimardi (Blainville, 1825) accepted as Paracentrotus gaimardi (Blainville, 1825) (transferred to Paracentrotus) Species Toxocidaris globulosa A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris grandis (H.L. Clark, 1923) accepted as Polyechinus agulhensis (Döderlein, 1905) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris homalostoma (Valenciennes, 1846) accepted as Heliocidaris tuberculata (Lamarck, 1816) (misspelling) Species Toxocidaris intermedia (A. Agassiz, 1863) accepted as Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1864) (transferred to Strongylocentrotus) Species Toxocidaris livida (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) (transferred to Paracentrotus) Species Toxocidaris mexicana (L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) accepted as Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris nuda A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Mesocentrotus nudus (A. Agassiz, 1864) (transferred to Mesocentrotus) Species Toxocidaris polyacantha (A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907) accepted as Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907 (unaccepted combination) Species Toxocidaris pulchellus (A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907) accepted as Strongylocentrotus pulchellus A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907 (unaccepted combination) Species Toxocidaris purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857) accepted as Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857) (transferred to Strongylocentrotus) Species Toxocidaris purpurea von Martens, 1886 accepted as Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris sachalinica (Döderlein, 1906) accepted as Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1872) (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris stenopora (H.L. Clark, 1912) accepted as Echinometra vanbrunti A. Agassiz, 1863 (subjective junior synonym) Species Toxocidaris tuberculatus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Heliocidaris tuberculata (Lamarck, 1816) (transferred to Heliocidaris)
Environment		marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Fossil range		recent only
Distribution		Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien
Link		To Echinoid Directory
Attributes		Functional group benthos » Stage adult (inherited from Echinodermata) [details] Functional group plankton > zooplankton » Stage larva (inherited from Echinodermata) [details] Supporting structure & enclosure Endoskeleton » Structure Solid » Composition Calcareous (inherited from Echinoidea) [details] [show lower level...]        Loading...
LSID		urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:565604
Taxonomic Edit history		Date    action    by 2011-03-23 13:44:45Z   created   Kroh, Andreas
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		Citation: Kroh, A. (2011). Toxocidaris A. Agassiz, 1863. In: Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2017). World Echinoidea Database. Accessed at http://marinespecies.org/Echinoidea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=565604 on 2017-10-20