Toxocidaris A. Agassiz, 1863 
AphiaID: 565604

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Echinodermata (Phylum) > Echinozoa (Subphylum) > Echinoidea (Class) > Euechinoidea (Subclass) > Carinacea (Infraclass) > Echinacea (Superorder) > Camarodonta (Order) > Echinidea (Infraorder) > Odontophora (Superfamily) > Echinometridae (Family) > Toxocidaris (Genus)

Status		unaccepted (subjective junior synonym)
Accepted name		Heliocidaris L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846
Rank		Genus
Parent		Echinometridae Gray, 1855
Sources		original description Agassiz, A. (1863). List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College. 1: 17-28. page(s): 22 [details] [full text] status source Mortensen, T. (1943). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidæ, Strongylocentrotidæ, Parasaleniidæ, Echinometridæ. 446 pp., C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen. page(s): 335 [details]
Direct child taxa (26) [show all] [sort alpha..]		Species Toxocidaris agulhensis (Döderlein, 1905) accepted as Polyechinus agulhensis (Döderlein, 1905) Species Toxocidaris armiger (A. Agassiz, 1872) accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma armigera (A. Agassiz, 1872) Species Toxocidaris armigera (A. Agassiz, 1872) accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma armigera (A. Agassiz, 1872) Species Toxocidaris bullata (Bell, 1881) accepted as Loxechinus albus (Molina, 1782) Species Toxocidaris crassispina A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) Species Toxocidaris depressa A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Pseudocentrotus depressus (A. Agassiz, 1864) Species Toxocidaris echinoides (A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907) accepted as Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1872) Species Toxocidaris erythrogramma (Valenciennes, 1846) accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma (Valenciennes, 1846) Species Toxocidaris fragilis (Jackson, 1912) accepted as Strongylocentrotus fragilis Jackson, 1912 Species Toxocidaris franciscana A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Mesocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz, 1863) Species Toxocidaris franciscanus A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Toxocidaris franciscana A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Mesocentrotus franciscanus (A. Agassiz, 1863) Species Toxocidaris gaimardi (Blainville, 1825) accepted as Paracentrotus gaimardi (Blainville, 1825) Species Toxocidaris globulosa A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) Species Toxocidaris grandis (H.L. Clark, 1923) accepted as Polyechinus agulhensis (Döderlein, 1905) Species Toxocidaris homalostoma (Valenciennes, 1846) accepted as Heliocidaris tuberculata (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxocidaris intermedia (A. Agassiz, 1863) accepted as Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1864) Species Toxocidaris livida (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxocidaris mexicana (L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) accepted as Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) Species Toxocidaris nuda A. Agassiz, 1864 accepted as Mesocentrotus nudus (A. Agassiz, 1864) Species Toxocidaris polyacantha (A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907) accepted as Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907 Species Toxocidaris pulchellus (A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907) accepted as Strongylocentrotus pulchellus A. Agassiz & H.L. Clark, 1907 Species Toxocidaris purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857) accepted as Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson, 1857) Species Toxocidaris purpurea von Martens, 1886 accepted as Heliocidaris crassispina (A. Agassiz, 1864) Species Toxocidaris sachalinica (Döderlein, 1906) accepted as Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1872) Species Toxocidaris stenopora (H.L. Clark, 1912) accepted as Echinometra vanbrunti A. Agassiz, 1863 Species Toxocidaris tuberculatus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Heliocidaris tuberculata (Lamarck, 1816)
Environment		marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Fossil range		recent only
Distribution		Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien
Link		To Echinoid Directory
Attributes		Functional group benthos » Stage adult (inherited from Echinodermata) [details] Functional group plankton > zooplankton » Stage larva (inherited from Echinodermata) [details] Supporting structure & enclosure Endoskeleton » Structure Solid » Composition Calcareous (inherited from Echinoidea) [details] [show lower level...]        Loading...
LSID		urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:565604
Taxonomic Edit history		Date    action    by 2011-03-23 13:44:45Z   created   Kroh, Andreas
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		Citation: Kroh, A. (2011). Toxocidaris A. Agassiz, 1863. In: Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2017). World Echinoidea Database. Accessed at http://marinespecies.org/Echinoidea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=565604 on 2017-08-16