Toxopneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b 
AphiaID: 123391

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Echinodermata (Phylum) > Echinozoa (Subphylum) > Echinoidea (Class) > Euechinoidea (Subclass) > Carinacea (Infraclass) > Echinacea (Superorder) > Camarodonta (Order) > Echinidea (Infraorder) > Odontophora (Superfamily) > Toxopneustidae (Family)

Status		accepted
Record status		Checked by Taxonomic Editor
Rank		Genus
Parent		Toxopneustidae Troschel, 1872
Synonymised taxa		Boletia L. Agassiz, 1841 (objective junior synonym of Toxopneustes) Echinus (Toxopneustes) L. Agassiz, 1841b (accepted at genus rank) Toxopneustes (Boletia) L. Agassiz, 1841 (objective junior synonym)
Sources		basis of record: Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336-351 (look up in IMIS) [details] basis of record: Clark, A.M. and F.W.E. Rowe. (1971). Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History): London. x + 238 p. + 30 pls., available online at http://www.abctaxa.be/downloads/additional-information-volume-1/works-famous-holothuroid-workers/fwe-rowe/MonographIndoWestPacific.pdf [details] additional source: North East Atlantic Taxa (look up in IMIS) [details] from synonym: Mortensen, T. 1943. A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III, 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidæ, Strongylocentrotidæ, Parasaleniidæ, Echinometridæ, pp. 446. C. A. Reitzel; Copenhagen. page(s): 466 [details] [view taxon]
Direct child taxa [show all]		Species Toxopneustes elegans Döderlein, 1885 Species Toxopneustes maculatus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes roseus (A. Agassiz, 1863) Subgenus Toxopneustes (Boletia) L. Agassiz, 1841 accepted as Toxopneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b    » Species Toxopneustes (Boletia) pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes atlanticus (A. Agassiz, 1863) accepted as Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes brevispinosus (L. Agassiz, 1841) accepted as Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes carnosus A. Agassiz, 1863 accepted as Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) Species Toxopneustes chloracanthus H.L. Clark, 1912 accepted as Toxopneustes pileolus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes complanatus L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 accepted as Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes concavus L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 accepted as Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes delalandi L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846 accepted as Heliocidaris erythrogramma (Valenciennes, 1846) Species Toxopneustes droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) accepted as Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) Species Toxopneustes gibbosus (L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) accepted as Caenocentrotus gibbosus (L. Agassiz, in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846) Species Toxopneustes grandiporus Lütken, MS accepted as Strongylocentrotus intermedius (A. Agassiz, 1863) Species Toxopneustes indianus Michelin, 1862 accepted as Pseudoboletia indiana (Michelin, 1862) Species Toxopneustes lividus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes neglectus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) Species Toxopneustes pallidus G.O. Sars, 1871 accepted as Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1871) Species Toxopneustes pictus Norman, 1869 accepted as Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) Species Toxopneustes semituberculatus (Valenciennes in L. Agassiz, 1846) accepted as Lytechinus semituberculatus (Valenciennes in L. Agassiz, 1846) Species Toxopneustes tuberculatus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Heliocidaris tuberculata (Lamarck, 1816) Species Toxopneustes variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)
Environment		marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Fossil range		recent + fossil
Distribution
Links		To Echinoid Directory To GenBank
Attribute		Functional group: benthos (inherited from Echinodermata)   » Stage: adult Functional group: plankton (inherited from Echinodermata)   » Stage: larva
Note		Remark: In family Echinidae in Ludwig (1899). Type species: Echinus pileolus Lamarck, 1816 by monotypy (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]
LSID		urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:123391
Taxonomic Edit history		Date    action    by 2004-12-21 15:54:05Z   created   Hansson, Hans 2010-09-06 12:28:48Z   changed   Kroh, Andreas
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		Citation: Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. (2013). Toxopneustes L. Agassiz, 1841b. In: Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2013) World Echinoidea Database. Accessed through: Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2013) World Echinoidea Database at http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123391 on 2013-05-22