CaRMS taxon details
original description
(of ) Gmelin, J.F. (1789). Amphibia - Pisces. In: Gmelin J.F. (Ed.) Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Ed. 13. Tome 1(3). G.E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 1033-1516. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25749426 [details]
basis of record
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (eds). (2024). ECoF. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. <em>California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco.</em> Electronic version accessed dd mmm 2024., available online at http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [details]
additional source
Froese, R. & D. Pauly (Editors). (2023). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. version (02/2023)., available online at https://www.fishbase.org [details]
additional source
Gulf of Maine Biogeographic Information System (GMBIS) Electronic Atlas. 2002. November, 2002. [details]
additional source
Scott, W.B.; Scott, M.G. (1988). Atlantic fishes of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> No. 219. 731 pp. [details]
ecology source
Looby, A.; Erbe, C.; Bravo, S.; Cox, K.; Davies, H. L.; Di Iorio, L.; Jézéquel, Y.; Juanes, F.; Martin, C. W.; Mooney, T. A.; Radford, C.; Reynolds, L. K.; Rice, A. N.; Riera, A.; Rountree, R.; Spriel, B.; Stanley, J.; Vela, S.; Parsons, M. J. G. (2023). Global inventory of species categorized by known underwater sonifery. <em>Scientific Data.</em> 10(1). (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02745-4 [details]
From other sources
Diet Juveniles feed on plankton, adults prefer aquatic insects, crustaceans, fish eggs, smelt, yellow perch, elvers, and their own young [details]
Distribution Lake Ontario drainage in Quebec to Peedee River, Gulf of St. Lawrence to South Carolina [details]
Habitat Anadromous species, prefer mud bottoms, found to depths of 10 m; landlock populations also exist. [details]
Habitat benthic [details]
Importance Social- Minor commercial, gamefish [details]
Predators Striped bass, walleye, bluefish, gray weakfish [details]
Reproduction Sexually mature at 3 years; spawn in fresh or slightly brackish waters, lay eggs onto bottom Substrate [details]
From editor or global species database
From other sources
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