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Asteroidea source details

Southward, E.C.; Campbell, A.C. (2006). [Echinoderms: keys and notes for the identification of British species]. Synopses of the British fauna (new series), 56. Field Studies Council: Shrewsbury, UK. ISBN 1-85153-269-2. 272 pp.
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Adriatic Sea for Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979 
Arctic Ocean for Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 
Arctic Ocean for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) 
Arctic Ocean for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
Arctic Ocean for Pteraster militaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Arctic Ocean for Pteraster pulvillus M. Sars, 1861 
Arctic Ocean for Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) 
Atlantic Coast of France for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777) 
Azores Exclusive Economic Zone for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) 
Azores Exclusive Economic Zone for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
Azores Exclusive Economic Zone for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844 
Azores Exclusive Economic Zone for Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) 
British Isles for Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 
British Isles for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
British Isles for Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) 
British Isles for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) 
British Isles for Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus (Retzius, 1783) 
British Isles for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777) 
British Isles for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777) 
British Isles for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777) 
British Isles for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
British Isles for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
British Isles for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri celtica A.M. Clark in Clark & Downey, 1992 
British Isles for Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837) 
British Isles for Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837) 
British Isles for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844 
British Isles for Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) 
British Isles for Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) 
British Isles for Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
British Isles for Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
British Isles for Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
British Isles for Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) 
British Isles for Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) 
British Isles for Stichastrella rosea (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Canary Islands Exclusive Economic Zone for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) 
Canary Islands Exclusive Economic Zone for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
Cape Verdean Exclusive Economic Zone for Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) 
Cape Verdean Exclusive Economic Zone for Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus (Retzius, 1783) 
Cape Verdean Exclusive Economic Zone for Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Central North Sea for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
Danish Exclusive Economic Zone for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Danish Exclusive Economic Zone for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Doggersbank for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
Dorset for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
East Coast of United States of America for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
English Channel for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) 
English Channel for Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) 
English Channel for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844 
Faroe Islands for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Faroe Islands for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Greenland for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Greenland for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
Iceland for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Iceland for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Iceland for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
Iceland for Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Ireland for Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus (Retzius, 1783) 
Ireland for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
Irish Sea for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) 
Irish Sea for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
Irish Sea for Stichastrella rosea (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Isle of Man for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
Isle of Man for Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979 
Mauritanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844 
Mediterranean Sea for Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979 
Mediterranean Sea for Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837) 
Mediterranean Sea for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844 
North East Atlantic for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) 
North East Atlantic for Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758 
North East Atlantic for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
North East Atlantic for Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777) 
North East Atlantic for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) 
North East Atlantic for Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus (Retzius, 1783) 
North East Atlantic for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
North East Atlantic for Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837) 
North East Atlantic for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844 
North East Atlantic for Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758) 
North East Atlantic for Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
North Pacific for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) 
North Pacific for Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) 
North West Atlantic for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) 
North West Atlantic for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
North West Atlantic for Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) 
North West Scotland for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Northern North Pacific for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Northern North Pacific for Henricia pertusa (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Northern North Pacific for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
Northern North Pacific for Pteraster militaris (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Northern North Pacific for Stichastrella rosea (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
Norwegian Exclusive Economic Zone for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846) 
Orkney for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Portuguese Atlantic Coast for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777) 
Scotland for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777) 
Shetland Islands for Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) 
Shetlands for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777) 
Shetlands for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
Shetlands for Henricia pertusa (O.F. Müller, 1776) 
 Authority

(Forbes M.S. in Thompson, 1840) [details]

 Authority

Ayres, 1851 [details]

 Authority

Koren, 1844 [details]

 Authority

M. Sars, 1861 [details]

 Authority

(Gunnerus, 1767) [details]

 Breeding

Hermaphrodite, possibly self-fertilising, viviparous. May-September? [details]

 Breeding

Yolky eggs. Spring [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Autumn. [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Large eggs. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Eggs, attached to genital pinnules, hatch to barrel-shaped ciliated larva; settlement stage is pentacrinoid. All ... [details]

 Breeding

Eggs, shed freely, larvae and pentacrinoid as in A. bifida[details]

 Breeding

Planktonic bipinnaria and brachilaria larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Protandrous hermaphrodite; eggs are laid in creviices, but are not brooded. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Simultaneous hermaphrodite. Eggs are laid in masses and are brooded for three weeks under the humped body. May-June. [details]

 Breeding

Large eggs, probably direct development [details]

 Breeding

Bipinnaria larva. Summer. [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva [details]

 Breeding

Direct development? Winter [details]

 Breeding

Barrel - shaped, red larvae. Early spring [details]

 Breeding

Large red eggs. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Mature early summer [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Summer - autumn [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Early sumer [details]

 Breeding

Large eggs; probably direct development [details]

 Breeding

Eggs released, larvae not known. Juveniles of the Arctic species G. eucnemis are known to live on, or in, the ... [details]

 Breeding

Lecithotrophic, probaly planktonic larva. Spring [details]

 Breeding

Probably involves planktonic larva [details]

 Breeding

Probably involving planktonic larva [details]

 Breeding

Broods young. Spring [details]

 Breeding

Auricularia larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Yolky eggs, probably direct development [details]

 Breeding

Yolky eggs, probably direct development [details]

 Breeding

Auricularia larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Broods young in spring [details]

 Breeding

Doliolatia larva [details]

 Breeding

Doliolaria larva. Spring [details]

 Breeding

Viviparous, can contain several developing young [details]

 Breeding

Bipinnaria larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Bipinnaria larva. Winter-spring. [details]

 Breeding

Hermaphrodite. Planktonic brachiloraia larva. Spring - summer [details]

 Breeding

Large eggs, probable direct development [details]

 Breeding

Can reproduce by fission [details]

 Breeding

Doliolaria larva [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophipluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva [details]

 Breeding

Mature in summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Spring - Summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Ophiopluteus larva. April-May [details]

 Breeding

Probably ophiopluteus larva [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Brachiolaria larva. Spring. [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Spring to autumn [details]

 Breeding

Non-feeding barrel-shaped red larva. February - March [details]

 Breeding

Brood young under membrane [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Probably planktonic larva. Summer [details]

 Breeding

Auricularia larva [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. January to May [details]

 Breeding

Echinopluteus larva. February to May [details]

 Breeding

Large eggs; non-pelagic development [details]

 Distribution

Intertidal to more than 200 m depth. Common along algae in tidepools and damp places , and under stones in gravel, ... [details]

 Distribution

From the intertidal to about 40 m depth, deeply buried in sand or muddy sand, with some of the arm tips reaching ... [details]

 Distribution

In depths of 50 to more than 200 m, burrowing in sand or muddy sand, all round the British Isles, but rare in the ... [details]

 Distribution

From 5 to more than 200 m depth, in muddy sand or mud, all round the British Isles, except, possibly, the southeast [details]

 Distribution

At about 10 to 20 m depth, in sand, Galway Bay (Ireland) and Plymouth (southwest England); probably overlooked elsewhere [details]

 Distribution

In depths of 10 to 500 m, on gravel, sand, mud and ocassionally rock; English Channel, Irish Sea, rare off western ... [details]

 Distribution

SW Iceland to the Faroe Islands and Scandinavia (Trondhjemsfjord S along the Norwegian and W Swedish coasts to ... [details]

 Distribution

Low intertidal to about 30 m depth,under stones and in crevices; in the Channel Islands and along the western ... [details]

 Distribution

Lower shore to more than 200 m depth, on rock gravel and sand; very common all round the British Isles [details]

 Distribution

From the lower shore to about 125 m depth, on rocky shores, under overhangs, under stones and in rock pools, ... [details]

 Distribution

Occurs in large, deep, high-level rock pools on fairly exposed shores; less common in lower pools and sublittoral. ... [details]

 Distribution

In more than 100 m depth, clinging to sea pens and gorgonians towards the edge of the continental shelf and in some ... [details]

 Distribution

Sublittoral to more than 200 m depth; lives buried in sand or muddy sand, all around the British Isles except for ... [details]

 Distribution

In depths of more than 130 m, on gravel, stones and coral, to the north and west ofo the British Isles [details]

 Distribution

From low intertidal to more than 200 m depth, mainly on coarse sand and gravel, all round the British Isles [details]

 Distribution

From low intertidal to more than 200 m depth, among rocks, stones and seaweed; northern Scotland, Orkeny, Shetland and ... [details]

 Distribution

Not known at the present from the British Isles but may be expected to arrive in southern England and Ireland. ... [details]

 Distribution

Lower shore and subtidal to 200 m depth, burrowing in sand or muddy sand, all round the British Isles. Apparently ... [details]

 Distribution

From low on shore to 150 m depth, burrowing in coarse sand or fine shell gravel, around western coasts from the ... [details]

 Distribution

Sublittoral to more than 200 m depth, in coarse sand and fine gravel, common all around British Isles [details]

 Distribution

Deeper than 200 m, on stones and gravel. Vars flemingii and norvegicus occur in the western Channel, off western ... [details]

 Distribution

A deep water species, found occasionally between 100 and 200 m near the edge of the continental shelf to the west ... [details]

 Distribution

From low intertidal, but mainly in the sublittoral zone, down to 40 m depth, occasionally deeper, on rocks, stones ... [details]

 Distribution

At the edge of the continental shelf in depths of 130 m to 200 m, to the west of Ireland and around Shetland [details]

 Distribution

Not recorded from British waters, but likely to occur in the North Sea, Shetland and Orkney. Sublittoral to 100 m depth. [details]

 Distribution

In depths of more than 150 m, on rough ground where currents are strong, off northern Scotland, the Orkneys and ... [details]

 Distribution

Juveniles are known to live on, or in, the polyps of alvyonarians (Patent, 1970) [details]

 Distribution

The commonest species of Henricia around the British Isles, occuring from low intertidal to at least 50 m depth, on ... [details]

 Distribution

In depths of 20 to more than 200 m, northern North Sea and possibly Shetland [details]

 Distribution

In depths of more than 100 m in the northern North Sea and near Shetland, possibly extending as far south as Biscay. [details]

 Distribution

From low intertidal to 50 m depth, typical of the algal zone. British distribution not completely known, but it ... [details]

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