WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species

Fungiidae Dana, 1846
AphiaID: 196100

Classification: Biota > Animalia (Kingdom) > Cnidaria (Phylum) > Anthozoa (Class) > Hexacorallia (Subclass) > Scleractinia (Order)

Status

accepted

Record
status

Checked by Taxonomic Editor

Rank

Family

Typetaxon

Fungia Lamarck, 1801 (type by original designation)

Parent

Scleractinia

Sources

original description: Dana, J.D. 1846. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842. Zoophytes 7: 1-740. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia. [details]

basis of record: Hoeksema, B.W., 1989. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 254: 1-295., available online at http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149013 [details]

additional source: Gittenberger, A., Reijnen, B.T. & Hoeksema, B.W. 2011. A molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for life history traits. Contributions to Zoology 80: 107-132. , available online at http://dpc.uba.uva.nl/cgi/t/text/get-pdf?c=ctz;idno=8002a02 [details]

additional source: Wells, J.W. 1966. Evolutionary development in the scleractinian family Fungiidae. In: Rees WJ (ed.) The Cnidaria and their evolution. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London 16: 223–246, pl. 1. Academic Press, London. [details]

All child
taxa
[hide all]

Genus Cantharellus Hoeksema & Best, 1984

» Species Cantharellus doederleini (Von Marenzeller, 1907)
» Species Cantharellus jebbi Hoeksema, 1993
» Species Cantharellus noumeae Hoeksema & Best, 1984

Genus Ctenactis Verrill, 1864

» Species Ctenactis albitentaculata Hoeksema, 1989
» Species Ctenactis crassa (Dana, 1846)
» Species Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)

Genus Cycloseris Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849

Genus Danafungia Wells, 1966

» Species Danafungia horrida (Dana, 1846)
» Species Danafungia scruposa (Klunzinger, 1879)

Genus Fungia Lamarck, 1801

» Species Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758)

» Subgenus Fungia (Ctenactis) Verrill, 1864 accepted as Ctenactis Verrill, 1864

» Species Fungia (Ctenactis) echinata (Pallas, 1766) accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)

» Subgenus Fungia (Cycloseris) Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Cycloseris Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849

» Forma Fungia (Cycloseris) patella f. hemispherica Gerth, 1921 † accepted as Cycloseris fragilis (Alcock, 1893)

» Subgenus Fungia (Danafungia) Wells, 1966 accepted as Danafungia Wells, 1966

» Species Fungia (Danafungia) fralinae Nemenzo, 1955 accepted as Heliofungia fralinae (Nemenzo, 1955)
» Species Fungia (Danafungia) horrida Dana, 1846 accepted as Danafungia horrida (Dana, 1846)
» Species Fungia (Danafungia) scruposa Klunzinger, 1879 accepted as Danafungia scruposa (Klunzinger, 1879)

» Subgenus Fungia (Fungia) Lamarck, 1801 accepted as Fungia Lamarck, 1801

» Species Fungia (Fungia) fungites (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758)

» Subgenus Fungia (Heliofungia) Wells, 1966 accepted as Heliofungia Wells, 1966

» Species Fungia (Heliofungia) actiniformis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

» Subgenus Fungia (Lobactis) Verrill, 1864 accepted as Lobactis Verrill, 1864

» Species Fungia (Lobactis) scutaria Lamarck, 1801 accepted as Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)

» Subgenus Fungia (Pleuractis) Verrill, 1864 accepted as Pleuractis Verrill, 1864

» Species Fungia (Pleuractis) gravis Nemenzo, 1955 accepted as Pleuractis gravis (Nemenzo, 1955)
» Species Fungia (Pleuractis) moluccensis Van der Horst, 1919 accepted as Pleuractis moluccensis (Van der Horst, 1919)
» Species Fungia (Pleuractis) paumotensis Stutchbury, 1833 accepted as Pleuractis paumotensis (Stutchbury, 1833)
» Species Fungia (Pleuractis) seychellensis Hoeksema, 1993 accepted as Pleuractis seychellensis (Hoeksema, 1993)
» Species Fungia (Pleuractis) taiwanensis Hoeksema & Dai, 1991 accepted as Pleuractis taiwanensis (Hoeksema & Dai, 1991)

» Subgenus Fungia (Verrillofungia) Wells, 1966 accepted as Lithophyllon Rehberg, 1892

» Species Fungia (Verrillofungia) concinna Verrill, 1864 accepted as Lithophyllon concinna (Verrill, 1864)
» Species Fungia (Verrillofungia) repanda Dana, 1846 accepted as Lithophyllon repanda (Dana, 1846)
» Species Fungia (Verrillofungia) scabra Döderlein, 1901 accepted as Lithophyllon scabra (Döderlein, 1901)
» Species Fungia (Verrillofungia) spinifer Claereboudt & Hoeksema, 1987 accepted as Lithophyllon spinifer (Claereboudt & Hoeksema, 1987)

» Subgenus Fungia (Wellsofungia) Hoeksema, 1989 accepted as Pleuractis Verrill, 1864

» Species Fungia (Wellsofungia) granulosa Klunzinger, 1879 accepted as Pleuractis granulosa (Klunzinger, 1879)

» Species Fungia actiniformis Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

» Variety Fungia actiniformis var. palawensis Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
» Variety Fungia actiniformis var. salawattensis Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
» Variety Fungia actiniformis var. singapurensis Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
» Variety Fungia actiniformis var. suluensis Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

» Species Fungia actinodiscus Umbgrove, 1950 † accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
» Species Fungia acutidens Studer, 1877 accepted as Danafungia horrida (Dana, 1846)
» Species Fungia adrianae Van Der Horst, 1921 accepted as Cycloseris cyclolites (Lamarck, 1815)
» Species Fungia agariciformis Lamarck, 1801 accepted as Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758)

» Variety Fungia agariciformis var. tenuifolia Dana, 1846 accepted as Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758)

» Variety Fungia danai var. vitiensis Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Danafungia scruposa (Klunzinger, 1879)

» Species Fungia dentata Dana, 1846 accepted as Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758)
» Species Fungia dentigera Leuckart, 1841 accepted as Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)
» Species Fungia discus Dana, 1846 accepted as Lithophyllon repanda (Dana, 1846)
» Species Fungia distorta Michelin, 1842 accepted as Cycloseris distorta (Michelin, 1842)
» Species Fungia diversidens Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 accepted as Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
» Species Fungia doederleini Von Marenzeller, 1907 accepted as Cantharellus doederleini (Von Marenzeller, 1907)
» Species Fungia doederleini Yabe & Sugiyama, 1941 accepted as Cycloseris costulata (Ortmann, 1889)
» Species Fungia echinata (Pallas, 1766) accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)

» Variety Fungia echinata var. parvispina Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)
» Variety Fungia echinata var. undulata Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)

» Forma Fungia patella f. hemispherica Gerth, 1921 † accepted as Cycloseris fragilis (Alcock, 1893)
» Variety Fungia patella var. dubia Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Cycloseris distorta (Michelin, 1842)
» Variety Fungia patella var. filigrana Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Cycloseris sinensis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851

» Species Fungia patelliformis Boschma, 1923 accepted as Cycloseris fragilis (Alcock, 1893)
» Species Fungia paumotensis Stuchbury, 1833 accepted as Pleuractis paumotensis (Stutchbury, 1833)
» Species Fungia pectinata Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)
» Species Fungia pileus (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Halomitra pileus (Linnaeus, 1758)

» Variety Fungia pileus var. oblonga Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)

» Variety Fungia scruposa var. ternatensis Döderlein, 1902 accepted as Danafungia scruposa (Klunzinger, 1879)

Genus Halomitra Dana, 1846

Genus Heliofungia Wells, 1966

» Species Heliofungia actiniformis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)
» Species Heliofungia fralinae (Nemenzo, 1955)

Genus Herpolitha Eschscholtz, 1825

» Species Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)
» Species Herpolitha simplex Gardiner, 1905 accepted as Ctenactis crassa (Dana, 1846)
» Species Herpolitha weberi (van der Horst, 1921) accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)

Genus Lithophyllon Rehberg, 1892

Genus Lobactis Verrill, 1864

» Species Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)
» Species Lobactis conferta Verrill, 1864 accepted as Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)
» Species Lobactis danae Verrill, 1864 accepted as Lobactis scutaria (Lamarck, 1801)

Genus Pleuractis Verrill, 1864

» Species Pleuractis alta (Nemenzo, 1983)
» Species Pleuractis granulosa (Klunzinger, 1879)
» Species Pleuractis gravis (Nemenzo, 1955)
» Species Pleuractis moluccensis (Van der Horst, 1919)
» Species Pleuractis paumotensis (Stutchbury, 1833)
» Species Pleuractis seychellensis (Hoeksema, 1993)
» Species Pleuractis taiwanensis (Hoeksema & Dai, 1991)

Genus Podabacia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849

» Species Podabacia crustacea (Pallas, 1766)
» Species Podabacia kunzmanni Hoeksema, 2009
» Species Podabacia motuporensis Veron, 1990
» Species Podabacia sinai Veron, 2000
» Species Podabacia dispar Verrill, 1901 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Species Podabacia elongata Ma, 1937 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Species Podabacia involuta Van der Horst, 1921 accepted as Podabacia crustacea (Pallas, 1766)
» Species Podabacia lankaensis Veron, 2000 accepted as Podabacia crustacea (Pallas, 1766)
» Species Podabacia lobata Van der Horst, 1921 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892

» Forma Podabacia lobata f. kiiensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Forma Podabacia lobata f. nomaensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Forma Podabacia lobata f. plicata Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Forma Podabacia lobata f. setoensis Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Forma Podabacia lobata f. vanderhorsti Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892
» Forma Podabacia lobata f. varians Yabe & Sugiyama, 1932 accepted as Lithophyllon undulatum Rehberg, 1892

» Species Podabacia philippinensis Studer, 1901 accepted as Halomitra pileus (Linnaeus, 1758)
» Species Podabacia robusta Quelch, 1886 accepted as Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)

Genus Polyphyllia Blainville, 1830

Genus Sandalolitha Quelch, 1884

» Species Sandalolitha boucheti Hoeksema, 2012
» Species Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884
» Species Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)
» Species Sandalolitha africana Veron, 2000 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)

Genus Zoopilus Dana, 1846

» Species Zoopilus echinatus Dana, 1846
» Species Zoopilus gomezi Nemenzo, 1980 accepted as Halomitra pileus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Genus Cryptabacia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Polyphyllia Blainville, 1830
Genus Diaseris Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849 accepted as Cycloseris Milne Edwards & Haime, 1849

» Species Diaseris crispus Pourtalès, 1871 accepted as Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) crispus (Pourtalès, 1871)
» Species Diaseris distorta (Michelin, 1842) accepted as Cycloseris distorta (Michelin, 1842)
» Species Diaseris fragilis Alcock, 1893 accepted as Cycloseris fragilis (Alcock, 1893)
» Species Diaseris freycineti Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 accepted as Cycloseris sinensis Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851
» Species Diaseris mortoni Tenison-Woods, 1880 accepted as Cycloseris cyclolites (Lamarck, 1815)
» Species Diaseris pulchella Verrill, 1866 accepted as Cycloseris distorta (Michelin, 1842)
» Species Diaseris pusillus Pourtalès, 1868 accepted as Fungiacyathus (Fungiacyathus) pusillus (De Pourtalès, 1868)

Genus Doederleinia Gardiner, 1909 accepted as Sandalolitha Quelch, 1884

» Species Doederleinia sluiteri Van der Horst, 1921 accepted as Sandalolitha dentata Quelch, 1884
» Species Doederleinia vetusta Gerth, 1925 † accepted as Halomitra pileus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Genus Haliglossa Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Herpolitha Eschscholtz, 1825

» Species Haliglossa echinata (Pallas, 1766) accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)

» Variety Haliglossa echinata var. platystoma Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ctenactis crassa (Dana, 1846)
» Variety Haliglossa echinata var. polystoma Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ctenactis crassa (Dana, 1846)

» Species Haliglossa foliosa Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)
» Species Haliglossa interrupta Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)
» Species Haliglossa stellaris Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)

Genus Herpetoglossa Wells, 1966 accepted as Ctenactis Verrill, 1864

» Species Herpetoglossa simplex (Gardiner, 1905) accepted as Ctenactis crassa (Dana, 1846)

Genus Herpetolitha Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851 accepted as Herpolitha Eschscholtz, 1825

» Species Herpetolitha ampla Verrill, 1864 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)

Genus Herpetolithas Leuckart, 1841 accepted as Herpolitha Eschscholtz, 1825

» Species Herpetolithas ehrenbergii Leuckart, 1841 accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)
» Species Herpetolithas ruepellii Leuckart, 1841 accepted as Ctenactis echinata (Pallas, 1766)

Genus Herpetolithus Leuckart, 1841 accepted as Herpolitha Eschscholtz, 1825

» Species Herpetolithus crassus Dana, 1846 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)
» Species Herpetolithus strictus Dana, 1846 accepted as Herpolitha limax (Esper, 1797)

Genus Lithactinia Lesson, 1831 accepted as Polyphyllia Blainville, 1830

» Species Lithactinia novaehiberniae Lesson, 1831 accepted as Polyphyllia novaehiberniae (Lesson, 1831)

Genus Parahalomitra Wells, 1937 accepted as Sandalolitha Quelch, 1884

» Species Parahalomitra irregularis (Gardiner, 1898) accepted as Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)
» Species Parahalomitra robusta (Quelch, 1886) accepted as Sandalolitha robusta (Quelch, 1886)

Environment

marine, ~~brackish~~, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Links

To GenBank
To ITIS

Note

Description: Most reef fungiids are free-living . The polyps are among the largest of all corals. These solitary forms have a long fossil history extending back to the early origins of the Scleractinia. It is therefore likely that the colonial genera have evolved from the solitary ones, rather than the reverse. This theory is supported by the fact that the structure of the septa of each colonial genus has an equivalent in one of the subgenera of Fungia.
As a general rule, corals with one mouth are called solitary and those with many mouths are called colonial, but clearly this distinction is not always well defined, nor is it basic to the structural organisation of several species. Little is known about many very important aspects of the biology of free-living fungiids, especially their population dynamics, food sources and growth rates. One distinct aspect of the daily existence of all but the heaviest fungiids is that they are at least partially mobile. The genera are solitary or colonial, free-living or attached, mostly hermatypic and extant. Colonial genera are derived from solitary genera and each has septo-costal structures corresponding to those of a solitary genus. These septo-costae radiate from the mouth on the upper surface (as septa) and from the centre of the undersurface (as costae). No similar families. (Veron, 1986 <57>). [details]

LSID

urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:196100

Taxonomic
Edit history

Date	action	by
2005-12-27 19:49:34Z	created	Vanden Berghe, Edward
2013-01-22 10:22:55Z	changed	Hoeksema, Bert

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Citation: Hoeksema, B. (2013). Fungiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196100 on 2013-05-25

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WoRMS taxon details