WoRMS source details

Zhang, J.; Holsinger, J. R. (2003). Systematics of the freshwater amphipod genus Crangonyx (Crangonyctidae) in North America. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Memoir. 6, 274 pp.
229460
Zhang, J.; Holsinger, J. R.
2003
Systematics of the freshwater amphipod genus Crangonyx (Crangonyctidae) in North America
Virginia Museum of Natural History, Memoir
6, 274 pp.
Publication
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
America, North
Stygobites, Stygobionts, Groundwater fauna
Systematics, Taxonomy
RIS (EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite, RefWorks)
BibTex (BibDesk, LaTeX)
Date
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by
2016-03-27 00:56:42Z
created
2016-03-27 10:11:50Z
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2017-01-12 15:10:37Z
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Crangonyctidae Bousfield, 1973 (taxonomy source)
Crangonyx Spence Bate, 1859 (identification resource)
Crangonyx Spence Bate, 1859 (taxonomy source)
Crangonyx aberrans Smith, 1983 (taxonomy source)
Crangonyx acicularis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx acicularis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx aka Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx aka Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx alpinus Bousfield, 1963 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (status source)
Crangonyx alpinus Bousfield, 1963 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (source of synonymy)
Crangonyx anomalus Hubricht, 1943 (redescription)
Crangonyx antennatus Packard, 1881 (redescription)
Crangonyx antennatus Packard, 1881 (status source)
Crangonyx baculispina Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx baculispina Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx barri Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx barri Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx bousfieldi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx bousfieldi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx caecus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx caecus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx castellanum Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx castellanum Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx consimilis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx consimilis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx cooperi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx cooperi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx dearolfi Shoemaker, 1942 (status source)
Crangonyx dearolfi Shoemaker, 1942 (redescription)
Crangonyx disjunctus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx disjunctus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 (status source)
Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 (redescription)
Crangonyx fontinalis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx fontinalis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (redescription)
Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, 1871 (status source)
Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, 1871 (redescription)
Crangonyx grandimanus Bousfield, 1963 (redescription)
Crangonyx grandimanus Bousfield, 1963 (status source)
Crangonyx hobbsi Shoemaker, 1941 (status source)
Crangonyx hobbsi Shoemaker, 1941 (redescription)
Crangonyx hubrichti Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx hubrichti Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx insolitus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx insolitus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx lewisi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx lewisi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx longidactylus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx longidactylus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx minor Bousfield, 1958 (redescription)
Crangonyx montanus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx montanus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx obliquus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (redescription)
Crangonyx occidentalis Hubricht & Harrison, 1941 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (status source)
Crangonyx ohioensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx ohioensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx orientalis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx orientalis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx packardi S.I. Smith, 1888 (status source)
Crangonyx packardi S.I. Smith, 1888 (redescription)
Crangonyx palustris Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx palustris Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 (status source)
Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 (redescription)
Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (redescription)
Crangonyx richmondensis laurentianus Bousfield, 1964 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (source of synonymy)
Crangonyx richmondensis laurentianus Bousfield, 1964 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (status source)
Crangonyx richmondensis occidentalis Hubricht & Harrison, 1941 accepted as Crangonyx occidentalis Hubricht & Harrison, 1941 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (status source)
Crangonyx richmondensis richmondensis Ellis, 1941 accepted as Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 (status source)
Crangonyx rivularis Bousfield, 1958 (redescription)
Crangonyx rivularis Bousfield, 1958 (status source)
Crangonyx serratus (Embody, 1911) (status source)
Crangonyx serratus (Embody, 1911) (redescription)
Crangonyx setodactylus Bousfield, 1958 (redescription)
Crangonyx shoemakeri (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (redescription)
Crangonyx specus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Crangonyx specus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx stagnicolous Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (original description)
Crangonyx stagnicolous Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 (status source)
Eucrangonyx antennatus (Packard, 1881) accepted as Crangonyx antennatus Packard, 1881 (status source)
Eucrangonyx forbesi Hubricht & Mackin, 1940 accepted as Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (status source)
Eucrangonyx gracilis (S.I. Smith, 1871) accepted as Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, 1871 (status source)
Eucrangonyx serratus Embody, 1911 accepted as Crangonyx serratus (Embody, 1911) (status source)
Alabama for Crangonyx antennatus Packard, 1881 
Alabama for Crangonyx consimilis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Alabama for Crangonyx cooperi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Alabama for Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Alabama for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Alabama for Crangonyx obliquus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Alabama for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 
Alabama for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Alaska for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Arizona for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958  (origin: alien)
Arkansas for Crangonyx aka Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Arkansas for Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Arkansas for Crangonyx minor Bousfield, 1958 
Arkansas for Crangonyx obliquus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Arkansas for Eucrangonyx obliquus Hubricht & Mackin, 1940 
California for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Colorado for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963  (origin: origin uncertain)
Connecticut for Crangonyx aberrans Smith, 1983 
Dublin for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958  (origin: alien)
England for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958  (origin: alien)
Florida for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Florida for Crangonyx grandimanus Bousfield, 1963 
Florida for Crangonyx hobbsi Shoemaker, 1941 
Florida for Crangonyx hobbsi Shoemaker, 1941 
Florida for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Florida for Crangonyx serratus (Embody, 1911) 
Georgia (US State) for Crangonyx antennatus Packard, 1881 
Georgia (US State) for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Georgia (US State) for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Georgia (US State) for Crangonyx serratus (Embody, 1911) 
Holarctic for Crangonyx Spence Bate, 1859 
Illinois for Crangonyx anomalus Hubricht, 1943 
Illinois for Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Illinois for Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, 1871 
Illinois for Crangonyx hubrichti Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Illinois for Crangonyx minor Bousfield, 1958 
Illinois for Crangonyx obliquus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Illinois for Crangonyx packardi S.I. Smith, 1888 
Illinois for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 
Illinois for Crangonyx rivularis Bousfield, 1958 
Indiana for Crangonyx anomalus Hubricht, 1943 
Indiana for Crangonyx barri Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Indiana for Crangonyx bousfieldi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Indiana for Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Indiana for Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Indiana for Crangonyx lewisi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Indiana for Crangonyx lewisi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Indiana for Crangonyx ohioensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Indiana for Crangonyx packardi S.I. Smith, 1888 
Indiana for Crangonyx packardi S.I. Smith, 1888 
Indiana for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Indiana for Crangonyx rivularis Bousfield, 1958 
Indiana for Crangonyx setodactylus Bousfield, 1958 
Iowa for Crangonyx minor Bousfield, 1958 
Kansas for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Kansas for Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Kansas for Crangonyx packardi S.I. Smith, 1888 
Kentucky for Crangonyx anomalus Hubricht, 1943 
Kentucky for Crangonyx anomalus Hubricht, 1943 
Kentucky for Crangonyx barri Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx barri Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx bousfieldi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx bousfieldi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx caecus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx castellanum Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Kentucky for Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Kentucky for Crangonyx lewisi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx longidactylus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx longidactylus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx minor Bousfield, 1958 
Kentucky for Crangonyx ohioensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx ohioensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 
Kentucky for Crangonyx rivularis Bousfield, 1958 
Kentucky for Crangonyx setodactylus Bousfield, 1958 
Kentucky for Crangonyx specus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Kentucky for Crangonyx specus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Louisiana for Crangonyx obliquus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Maine for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Maryland for Crangonyx dearolfi Shoemaker, 1942 
Maryland for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Maryland for Crangonyx orientalis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Maryland for Crangonyx palustris Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Maryland for Crangonyx shoemakeri (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Massachusetts for Crangonyx aberrans Smith, 1983 
Massachusetts for Crangonyx aberrans Smith, 1983 
Massachusetts for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Massachusetts for Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, 1871 
Massachusetts for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Michigan for Crangonyx forbesi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Michigan for Crangonyx gracilis S.I. Smith, 1871 
Michigan for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 
Michigan for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Michigan for Crangonyx setodactylus Bousfield, 1958 
Minnesota for Crangonyx pseudogracilis Bousfield, 1958 
Minnesota for Crangonyx richmondensis Ellis, 1941 
Mississippi for Crangonyx consimilis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003 
Mississippi for Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963 
Mississippi for Crangonyx obliquus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) 
Paratype USNM, geounit Alabama, identified as Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Alabama, identified as Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Alabama, identified as Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Tennessee, identified as Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Paratype USNM, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230405, identified as Crangonyx baculispina Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230406, identified as Crangonyx aka Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230407, identified as Crangonyx bousfieldi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Unknown type USNM 230408, identified as Crangonyx caecus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230410, identified as Crangonyx consimilis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230411, identified as Crangonyx cooperi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230412, identified as Crangonyx fontinalis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230415, identified as Crangonyx lewisi Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230416, identified as Crangonyx longidactylus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230417, identified as Crangonyx montanus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230418, identified as Crangonyx ohioensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230420, identified as Crangonyx palustris Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 230422, identified as Crangonyx stagnicolous Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 239494, identified as Crangonyx acicularis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 260773, identified as Crangonyx insolitus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 260774, identified as Crangonyx barri Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 277672, geounit Indiana, identified as Crangonyx indianensis Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 277673, geounit Alabama, identified as Crangonyx cornutus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 277674, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx disjunctus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
Holotype USNM 78266, identified as Crangonyx dearolfi Shoemaker, 1942
Holotype USNM 277671, geounit Virginia, identified as Crangonyx longicarpus Zhang & Holsinger, 2003
 Distribution

North-central Kentucky, southern Illinois, southeastern Indiana, and southwestern Ohio. The southern Illinois ... [details]

 Distribution

Northern Alabama and central Tennessee, covering a linear distance of about 150 km. [details]

 Distribution

The range is restricted to the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. [details]

 Distribution

Range restricted to the karst regions of southern Indiana, covers a linear distance of 120 km. [details]

 Distribution

Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. Populations in Northampton County on the ... [details]

 Distribution

From southeastern Iowa, central and southern Illinois, northwestern Missouri, central Kentucky, northeastern ... [details]

 Distribution

The range (about 850 km across) is largely restricted to the Coastal Plain of southcentral United States, and is ... [details]

 Distribution

The most widely distributed species of Crangonyx. In western North America it occurs from southeastern Alaska, in ... [details]

 Distribution

Range: from southeastern Ontario south and west across southern Michigan through much of Ohio, eastern and central ... [details]

 Distribution

Range: from south-central Maryland south and southwest to south-central Virginia [details]

 Environment

Epigean & hypogean [details]

 Environment

Hypogean and epigean; stygophile [details]

 Environment

Hypogean and epigean [details]

 Environment

Epigean [details]

 Environment

Hypogean and epigean [details]

 Environment

Hypogean and epigean [details]

 Habitat

Subterranean habitats, as well as sloughs, drainage ditches, wetland bogs, ponds {both temporary and permanent), ... [details]

 Habitat

Small rivers, brooks, and swamps [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: springs and spring-fed streams [details]

 Habitat

Epigean, streams and seeps [details]

 Habitat

Springs, spring-fed streams, cave streams [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: small cave streams and cave pools fed by ceiling drips and wall seepage [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: a seep pool, shallow handdug well and swamp [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: caves, springs [details]

 Habitat

Epigean and hypogean: small streams, springs, caves, wells [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: caves  [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: drip pools and small streams in caves [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: predominantly springs [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: cave streams [details]

 Habitat

A ditch, a slough, springs, and crayfish burrows [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: stygobitic, cave pools and streams [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: ditches, marshes, small streams, swamps, pools, and ponds [details]

 Habitat

Epigean and hypogean: swamps, ponds, streams, and occasionally cave pools; stenohaline.  [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: springs (under roots and leaves) [details]

 Habitat

Cave streams and springs, surface streams and ponds. [details]

 Habitat

Epigean and hypogean: lakes, creeks, ponds, rivers, streams, marshes, ditches, swales, and spring-fed ponds ... [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean (stygobitic): caves, wells, and karst springs [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: sinks, caves, wells [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: ditches, a temporary stream, and a spring [details]

 Habitat

Cave streams and surface springs in karst regions of Indiana [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean (?): at entrance of a cave, but together with epigean species [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean and epigean: cave streams, stream pools, and drip pools, springs [details]

 Habitat

Small streams, brooks, outlets of drain, springs, ditches, creeks, and small woodland pools. Holotype from burrows ... [details]

 Habitat

Epigean and hypogean: a swale, a cave spring and two reservoirs [details]

 Habitat

Small streams, sloughs, ditches, drains, springs, and ponds [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: springs, spring-fed swamps and ponds [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: roadside ditches, small streams, small creeks, sloughs, cypress swamps, ponds, and pools. In association ... [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: shallow groundwaters [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: swamps, roadside ditches, small woodland ponds, seeps and outlets of drain tiles [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean and epigean: caves, pools, seeps, springs [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: swamps, springs, ponds, woodland pools, streams, roadside ditches, and seeps [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: small pool in an artificial gallery [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: all types of surface waters (and two caves in Kentucky) [details]

 Habitat

Lakes, streams, ponds, swamps, bogs, ditches, drains and rarely caves [details]

 Habitat

Epigean and hypogean: rivers, streams, springs, ditches, ponds, small lakes and rarely caves [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: small bodies of water, including ponds, streams, and drainage ditches [details]

 Habitat

Cold-water habitats, including small streams, outlets of drains, springs, sloughs and temporary pools and very ... [details]

 Habitat

Stygophile: temporary pools and ponds (often with grassy bottoms), springs, small streams, and bogs [details]

 Habitat

Hypogean: Cave stream and drip/seep pools [details]

 Habitat

Epigean: cypress swamps, marshy ponds, and small pools; seeps [details]

 Holotype

Possibly lost [details]

 Holotype

Possibly lost. [details]

 Morphology

shoemakeri group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

forbesi group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

insolitus group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003) [details]

 Morphology

longicarpus group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

shoemakeri group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

richmondensis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

shoemakeri group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012). Cave populations may have reduced eyes, but eyes are ... [details]

 Morphology

shoemakeri group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003; Kornobis et al. 2012) [details]

 Morphology

gracilis group (Zhang & Holsinger 2003) [details]

 Source

Not C. obliquus in Kenk, 1949: 48; Cole, 1957: 36; Krekeler & Williams, 1966: 394. [details]

 Source

Part of C. shoemakeri in Hubricht (1943: 690); all from Ohio, Michigan and Kentucky [details]

 Source

Not C. shoemakeri in Hubricht (1943: 690), Kenk (1949: 48), Cole (1957: 36, fig. 2f)  [details]

 Source

Not E. shoemakeri in Mackin (1941) [details]

 Taxonomy

The genus is made of six groups in North America: gracilis group, shoemakeri group, longicarpus group, ... [details]