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Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M. (1991). The Hydromedusae and water masses of the Indian Ocean. Bolm Inst. Oceanogr. 39(1): 25-60.
6376
Navas-Pereira, D. & Vannucci, M.
1991
The Hydromedusae and water masses of the Indian Ocean
Bolm Inst. Oceanogr.
39(1): 25-60
Publication
This analysis of distribution and abundance of species of Hydromedusae completes a report (Vannucci & Navas, 1973b) on the ecology of Indian Ocean Hydromedusae based on the zooplankton collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). Dis
This analysis of distribution and abundance of species of Hydromedusae completes a report (Vannucci & Navas, 1973b) on the ecology of Indian Ocean Hydromedusae based on the zooplankton collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE). Distribution and abundance are taken here to be the ecological expression of variability of species in space and time. The aim was to identify the biological signature of below surface water masses that cannot be identified by remote sensing techniques. Selected species were taken as biological units, the oceanic water masses as defined by their T-S and T-O2 diagrammes were taken as the non biological units. Taken together they define different ecosystems of the Indian Ocean. About 45,000 specimens of hydromedusae taken at 480 stations were sorted from 900 plankton and all specimens were determined and counted. Several hauls, mostly stratified, were taken with closing nets, but not all contained hydromedusae. The distribution of each species was studied in relation to water salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen, the limits of ecological tolerance and preference were defined by the environmental characteristics of the layers sampled by the nets and are given for each species. These can be grouped as follows: 1. Deep water species, cold tolerant, often eurytopic; 2. Antarctic species, cold loving, usually stenothermal with preference for low salinity; 3. Indian Ocean Central Water species, with preference for temperature lower than 19°C and salinity not much higher than 35%, usually found at sub-surface or intermediate depths, they may spread into the Arabian Sea of Bengal in surface layers; 4. Indian Ocean Equatorial System species, warm tolerant, usually prefer comparatively low salinity, high temperature and high oxygen content; 5. Bay of Bengal Surface Water species, found in surface layers of the Bay, with preference for low salinity, high temperature and high oxygen content; 6. Arabian Sea Surface Water species prefer very high salinity and high temperature; 7. Rare species. Some immigrants from the Mediterranean Sea are described and many species were found to be tolerant of dissolved oxygen content as low as 0.2ml/l. Numerous individuals of many species were found to agglomerate at boundary layers.
Ecology
Zoogeography, Biogeography (generalities), Geographic distribution
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Aegina citrea Eschscholtz, 1829 (additional source)
Aeginura grimaldii Maas, 1904 (additional source)
Aequorea aequorea (Forsskål, 1775) accepted as Aequorea forskalea Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (additional source)
Aequorea coerulescens (Brandt, 1835) (basis of record)
Aequorea conica Browne, 1905 (additional source)
Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 (basis of record)
Aequorea macrodactyla (Brandt, 1835) (additional source)
Aequorea parva Browne, 1905 (basis of record)
Aequorea pensilis (Haeckel, 1879) (additional source)
Aglantha elata (Haeckel, 1879) (additional source)
Aglaura hemistoma Péron & Lesueur, 1810 (additional source)
Amphinema dinema (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (additional source)
Amphinema rugosum (Mayer, 1900) (additional source)
Amphogona apicata Kramp, 1957 (basis of record)
Amphogona apsteini (Vanhöffen, 1902) (basis of record)
Botrynema brucei Browne, 1908 (additional source)
Bougainvillia fulva Agassiz & Mayer, 1899, sensu Kramp, 1968 (basis of record)
Bougainvillia niobe Mayer, 1894 (basis of record)
Bougainvillia platygaster (Haeckel, 1879) (basis of record)
Bougainvillia ramosa (Van Beneden, 1844) accepted as Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) (additional source)
Calycopsis papillata Bigelow, 1918 (basis of record)
Calycopsis simulans (Bigelow, 1909) (basis of record)
Cirrhitiara superba (Mayer, 1900) (basis of record)
Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)
Colobonema sericeum Vanhöffen, 1902 (additional source)
Corymorpha forbesii (Mayer, 1894) (additional source)
Crossota alba Bigelow, 1913 (basis of record)
Crossota brunnea Vanhöffen, 1902 (basis of record)
Cunina duplicata Maas, 1893 (basis of record)
Cunina frugifera Kramp, 1948 (additional source)
Cunina octonaria McCrady, 1859 (additional source)
Cunina peregrina Bigelow, 1909 (basis of record)
Cunina tenella (Bigelow, 1909) (basis of record)
Cytaeis tetrastyla Eschscholtz, 1829 (additional source)
Ectopleura sacculifera Kramp, 1957 (additional source)
Eirene brevigona Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)
Eirene elliceana (Agassiz & Mayer, 1902) (basis of record)
Eirene hexanemalis (Goette, 1886) (basis of record)
Eirene viridula (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (additional source)
Eucheilota duodecimalis A. Agassiz, 1862 (basis of record)
Eucheilota menoni Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)
Eucheilota tropica Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)
Euphysilla pyramidata Kramp, 1955 (basis of record)
Euphysora annulata Kramp, 1928 accepted as Corymorpha annulata (Kramp, 1928) (additional source)
Euphysora bigelowi Maas, 1905 accepted as Corymorpha bigelowi (Maas, 1905) (additional source)
Euphysora furcata Kramp, 1948 accepted as Corymorpha furcata (Kramp, 1948) (basis of record)
Eutima curva Browne, 1905 (basis of record)
Eutima gentiana (Haeckel, 1879) (basis of record)
Eutima mira McCrady, 1859 (additional source)
Eutima orientalis (Browne, 1905) (basis of record)
Geryonia proboscidalis (Forsskål, 1775) (additional source)
Halicreas minimum Fewkes, 1882 (additional source)
Haliscera racovitzae (Maas, 1906) (additional source)
Halistaura bruuni Navas, 1969 accepted as Earleria bruuni (Navas, 1969) (basis of record)
Halitiara formosa Fewkes, 1882 (additional source)
Halitrephes maasi Bigelow, 1909 (additional source)
Helgicirrha malayensis (Stiasny, 1928) (basis of record)
Helgicirrha medusifera (Bigelow, 1909) (basis of record)
Koellikerina constricta (Menon, 1932) (basis of record)
Koellikerina elegans (Mayer, 1900) (basis of record)
Koellikerina fasciculata (Péron & Lesueur, 1810) (additional source)
Koellikerina multicirrata (Kramp, 1928) (basis of record)
Koellikerina octonemalis (Maas, 1905) (basis of record)
Laodicea fijiana Agassiz & Mayer, 1899 (basis of record)
Laodicea indica Browne, 1905 (basis of record)
Leuckartiara gardineri Browne, 1916 (basis of record)
Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) (additional source)
Leuckartiara zacae Bigelow, 1940 (basis of record)
Liriope tetraphylla (Chamisso & Eysenhardt, 1821) (additional source)
Lovenella assimilis (Browne, 1905) (basis of record)
Lovenella cirrata (Haeckel, 1879) (additional source)
Melicertissa mayeri Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)
Melicertissa orientalis Kramp, 1961 (basis of record)
Merga reesi Russell, 1956 (additional source)
Merga tergestina (Neppi & Stiasny, 1912) (additional source)
Merga violacea (Agassiz & Mayer, 1899) (basis of record)
Neoturris pileata (Forsskål, 1775) (additional source)
Oceania armata Kölliker, 1853 (additional source)
Octophialucium bigelowi Kramp, 1955 (basis of record)
Octophialucium indicum Kramp, 1958 (basis of record)
Octophialucium medium Kramp, 1955 (basis of record)
Octotiara russelli Kramp, 1953 (basis of record)
Pandea conica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1827) (additional source)
Pandeopsis scutigera Kramp, 1959 accepted as Pandeopsis ikarii (Uchida, 1927) (basis of record)
Pantachogon haeckeli Maas, 1893 (additional source)
Pantachogon scotti Browne, 1910 (basis of record)
Pegantha clara R.P. Bigelow, 1909 (additional source)
Pegantha laevis H.B. Bigelow, 1909 (basis of record)
Pegantha martagon Haeckel, 1879 (basis of record)
Pegantha triloba Haeckel, 1879 (additional source)
Persa incolorata McCrady, 1859 (additional source)
Phialella falklandica Browne, 1902 (basis of record)
Phialella quadrata (Forbes, 1848) (additional source)
Phialidium hemisphaericum (Linnaeus, 1767) accepted as Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767) (additional source)
Phialidium mccradyi (Brooks, 1888) accepted as Clytia mccradyi (Brooks, 1888) (additional source)
Phialidium simplex Browne, 1902 accepted as Clytia simplex (Browne, 1902) (basis of record)
Phialucium carolinae (Mayer, 1900) accepted as Malagazzia carolinae (Mayer, 1900) (basis of record)
Phialucium condensum Kramp, 1953 accepted as Malagazzia condensum (Kramp, 1953) (basis of record)
Phialucium multitentaculatum Menon, 1932 accepted as Malagazzia multitentaculatum (Menon, 1932) (basis of record)
Podocoryne apicata Kramp, 1959 accepted as Podocoryna apicata Kramp, 1959 (basis of record)